Nucleoside analogs are successful, widely used antiviral and anticancer therapeutics. Nucleotide prodrugs (i.e., pronucleotide) have increasingly been used to improve in vivo efficacy of nucleoside analogs. In this study, we evaluated the permeability of a series of phosphoramidate triester prodrugs of the anti-HIV drug 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine across monolayers of Caco-2, Madin-D...

Thin objects in 3D volumes, for instance vascular networks in medical imaging or various kinds of fibres in materials science, have been of interest for some time to computer vision. Particularly, tubular objects are everywhere elongated in one principal direction – which varies spatially – and are thin in the other two perpendicular directions. Filters for detecting such structures use for ins...

Biased regression is an alternative to ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, especially when explanatory variables are highly correlated. In this paper, we examine the geometrical structure of the shrinkage factors of biased estimators. We show that, in most cases, shrinkage factors cannot belong to [0, 1] in all directions. We also compare the shrinkage factors of ridge regression (RR), pri...

The ability to test general relativity in extreme gravity regimes using gravitational wave observations from current ground-based or future space-based detectors motivates the mathematical study of symmetries black holes modified theories gravity. In this paper we focus on spinning hole solutions two quadratic theories: dynamical Chern-Simons and scalar Gauss-Bonnet We compute principal null di...

BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is associated with lung injury in ALI/ARDS. As endothelial activation by thrombin plays a role in the permeability of acute lung injury and Ang-2 may modulate the kinetics of thrombin-induced permeability by impairing the organization of vascular endothelial (VE-)cadherin, and affecting small Rho GTPases in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVE...

Permeability is a crucial parameter to describe the transport rate of gas under pressure gradient, relevant molecule movement in pores. The permeability edible film, used on fresh or minimally processed fruits and vegetables, an important because it directly affects product’s respiration metabolic activity. present study summarizes principal methods for measurement films, considering developed ...