Focusing on individual motorists in car-owning households in Germany, this analysis econometrically investigates the determinants of automobile travel for non-work service activities against the backdrop of two questions: 1) Does gender play a role in determining the probability of car use and the distance driven? 2) If so, how is this role mitigated or exacerbated by other socioeconomic attrib...

Despite the urgent need to adopt sustainable transportation methods reduce pollution, some cities, particularly in developing countries, are still prioritizing construction of roads for private cars. The Greater Cairo Region is experiencing increased reliance on cars, causing strain road network, leading traffic congestion, decreased walkability, and social isolation, especially gated communiti...

Despite a broad interest in various types of dependency as they relate to older people (structured dependency, learned dependency, learned helplessness, and interdependency), research of dependency in older people has not included an individual difference measure of interpersonal dependency. Studies that have examined the correlates of interpersonal dependency in general populations have found ...

Expression of cellular receptors determines viral tropism and limits gene delivery by viral vectors. Protein transduction domains (PTDs) have been shown to deliver proteins, antisense oligonucleotides, liposomes, or plasmid DNA into cells. In our study, we investigated the role of several PTD motifs in adenoviral infection. When physiologically expressed, a PTD from human immunodeficiency virus...

This work adds realistic dependency structure to a previously developed analytical stochastic network loading model. The model is a stochastic formulation of the link-transmission model, which is an operational instance of Newell’s simplified theory of kinematic waves. Stochasticity is captured in the source terms, the flows, and, consequently, in the cumulative flows. The previous approach cap...

Virtual private networks (VPN) offer a secure data exchange over public networks. Despite being cheaper than leased lines, growing sizes and dynamic behavior of VPN nodes, e.g., for mobility or reasons of denial-of-service-attacks, make a manual configuration of large, dynamic VPN expensive. Consequently, a number of different VPN auto-configuration approaches have been invented and partially d...

This document defines Multi-Protocol BGP (MP-BGP) procedures that allow BGP speakers to exchange Route Target reachability information. This information can be used to build a route distribution graph in order to limit the propagation of Virtual Private Network (VPN) Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) between different autonomous systems or distinct clusters of the same autonomous sy...

Nowadays, in turbulent and violate global markets, agility has been considered as a fundamental characteristic of a supply chain needed for survival. To achieve the competitive edge, companies must align with suppliers and customers to streamline operations, as well as agility beyond individual companies. Consequently Agile Supply Chain (ASC) is considered as a dominant competitive advantage.  ...