Amir Attaran In 2001, the chief of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Andrew Natsios, gave this justifi cation to the US Congress for why the agency opposed giving antiretroviral therapy (ART) to Africans with HIV: “If we had [HIV medicines for Africa] today, we could not distribute them. We could not administer the program because we do not have the doctors, we do ...

Amir Attaran In 2001, the chief of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Andrew Natsios, gave this justifi cation to the US Congress for why the agency opposed giving antiretroviral therapy (ART) to Africans with HIV: “If we had [HIV medicines for Africa] today, we could not distribute them. We could not administer the program because we do not have the doctors, we do ...

Amir Attaran In 2001, the chief of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Andrew Natsios, gave this justifi cation to the US Congress for why the agency opposed giving antiretroviral therapy (ART) to Africans with HIV: “If we had [HIV medicines for Africa] today, we could not distribute them. We could not administer the program because we do not have the doctors, we do ...

Amir Attaran In 2001, the chief of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Andrew Natsios, gave this justifi cation to the US Congress for why the agency opposed giving antiretroviral therapy (ART) to Africans with HIV: “If we had [HIV medicines for Africa] today, we could not distribute them. We could not administer the program because we do not have the doctors, we do ...

extended abstract 1. introduction city is a living creature formed through the interaction of different forces in unique substantiality. one of the main aspects of each city is its landscape; urban landscape is the experience of people as the members of society. landscape is an objective and subjective phenomenon that is the part of peoples’ nature in a city. in fact, the process of landscape p...

Descartes maintained that sensations of color and the like misrepresent the material world in normal circumstances. Some prominent scholars have argued that, to explain this Cartesian view, we must attribute to Descartes a causal account of sensory representation. I contend that neither the arguments motivating this reading nor the textual evidence offered in its support is sufficient to justif...

Globally, people with disabilities are disproportionally affected by poverty. Social protection policies, including cash transfers, key strategies to address poverty “in all its forms”, but it is currently unclear how such programmes affect disabilities. This study examines differences in the impact of Lesotho Child Grant Programme (CGP) on food security, health, education and livelihoods betwe...

Two years ago the writer found plenty of evidence. Red flags, censored newspapers, directed excursions, indoctrinated schools, motivated plays, didactic pictures, and continuous radio messages preach communism. Appeals to the need for security and class loyalty, dogmatic assertion of Marxian philosophy, the example of leaders, and calls to participation are used as incentives to action. The res...