I ntroduction: The structured Benefit–risk Action Team (BRAT) approach aims to assist healthcare decision makers in treatment assessments. We applied BRAT to compare the benefit–risk profile of ranibizumab 0.5 mg versus laser photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Methods: One-year data for the ranibizumab 0.5 mg pro re nata (PRN) and laser arms of the phase III tr...

We describe examples of wA gene inactivation (resulting in white conidiospores) obtained during transformation of Aspergillus nidulans. One wA- transformant was obtained by transformation with a prn+ plasmid of a strain with green conidia (wA+) which was unable to catabolize L-proline (prn-). This transformant contains a very large number of plasmid copies integrated at a single site inseparabl...

This study evaluated the accuracy of the post-rotational nystagmus test (PRN) on the basis of the results of 1006 PRN tests performed at the Institute for Forensic Medicine in Ljubljana between 1998 and 2002 during standardized medical examinations in cases of suspected drunk driving. The evaluation of PRN test results with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) as a reference was based on classific...

In this paper, the performance of cognitive radio (CR) code division multiple access (CDMA) systems is analyzed. More precisely, CR users belong to a cognitive radio network (CRN), which coexists with a primary radio network (PRN). Both CRN and PRN are CDMA-based, with colocated base stations. Soft hand off and power control are considered in both the CRN and the PRN. Upon the development of an...

BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate the effect of intravitreal pro re nata (PRN) ranibizumab treatment from the start on the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the central retinal thickness (CRT) in macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with ME secondary to BRVO, who were treated on a PRN basis after a single intravitreal ranibizumab inject...

As part of a prospective acellular pertussis (ACP) vaccine efficacy trial, 5 serum samples were obtained, over an 18-month period, from 101 ACP-vaccine recipients and 99 control subjects, to assess ACP antibody response and decay. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN), and fimbriae 2/3 (FIM) were measured by enzyme-lin...

The multipath error reduction methods described in this paper will give you an insight into further development of the so-called "strobe methods" that have been used in pseudo random noise (PRN) receivers since 1975 (see Ref.[1]). These methods already proved their high effectiveness in reducing tracking errors in spreadspectrum (PRN type) digital receivers (see Ref.[2-4]). However, it should b...

Many of the future GNSS ranging codes produce correlation functions that have two or more prominent sidelobes immediately adjacent to the primary peak. These more complex code modulations have inspired numerous inventive techniques for reliable code tracking. Most of these techniques have been conceived principally to prevent the accidental tracking of the sidelobes. They have also been evaluat...

OBJECTIVE To determine the validity of an electronic health record (EHR) in the identification of patients with left ventricular dysfunction in a primary care setting. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Nine clinics participating from the Providence Research Network (PRN) comprising 75 physicians serving approximately 200,000 patients. All clinics utilise the Logician EHR for all patie...

Background: Black pod rot disease of cocoa caused by (Phytophthora palmivora Butl.) is one the major diseases on plantations worldwide. Many attempts have been made to prevent or reduce infection pathogens, but they not provided optimum results. This study aims detect antibiotic genes in endophytic bacteria that can suppress black disease. Methods: Eight were isolated from healthy pods and twig...