The use of explicit null and invalid values in OCL can lead to complex and hard-to-verify specifications. In addition, these values complicate the logic of OCL and of transformation languages that use OCL, making it difficult to provide effective verification support for these languages. We define an alternative technique for using OCL with UML and model transformations which avoids the use of ...

The paper proposes the method of working with functionality computer programs AntConc, WordSmith, WordList, MonoConc Pro, CATMA, and KORP, which can be used to study multilingual corpus texts on topic European Studies. Various debatable views foreign scientists ‒ representatives linguistics regarding content concept have been considered. Besides, there has formulated a definition comparative th...

In this thesis I develop a syntactic representation of control that is PRO-free. I implement a mechanism of theta-role assignment that uses theta-role percolation (Neeleman and Van de Koot (2002)), which enables the apparent subject properties of controlled infinitives to be reinterpreted as properties associated with an external theta-role, rather than a subject. I first analyse Obligatory Con...

Free word order languages with rich case systems and discontinuous constituents pose a serious challenge to the task of constructing an efficient natural language parse system. As Japanese not only allows considerable freedom in word order but pervasive constituent ellipsis, it poses unique difficulties for efficient broad coverage parsing. We have yet to see a broad coverage Japanese grammar/p...

In pro-drop languages, the detection of explicit subjects, zero subjects and nonreferential impersonal constructions is crucial for anaphora and co-reference resolution. While the identification of explicit and zero subjects has attracted the attention of researchers in the past, the automatic identification of impersonal constructions in Spanish has not been addressed yet and this work is the ...

Empty categories (EC) are artificial elements in Penn Treebanks motivated by the government-binding (GB) theory to explain certain language phenomena such as pro-drop. ECs are ubiquitous in languages like Chinese, but they are tacitly ignored in most machine translation (MT) work because of their elusive nature. In this paper we present a comprehensive treatment of ECs by first recovering them ...

Pro-environmental behaviors such as conserving water, reducing flights, or purchasing energy-efficient appliances are subject to social pressures. The influence of norms on behavior is widely studied, but it less clear which identities (e.g., political ideology; being an environmentalist) and contextual factors lead individuals pursue avoid pro-environmental behaviors. visibility behaviors—whet...

This paper examines an anaphoric construction, British English do, and locates it within the dichotomy in the ellipsis literature between deleted phrases and null pro-forms, concluding that the choice is a false one, in that pro-forms involve deletion as well; the question, then, is how to account for the differential permeability to dependencies that require external licensing of the various d...

The syntax of referential null subjects in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is the topic of much recent work (Kato & Negrão 2000; Ferreira 2000, 2004; Martins & Nunes 2005, 2010; Modesto 2000; Rodrigues 2002, 2004). In light of the Interface Hypothesis (Tsimpli, Sorace 2006), uninterpretable features such as purely syntactical elements should not undergo attrition. This study tests whether this theory...