Partial order reduction has been very successful at combatting the state explosion problem [4, 11] for lower-level formalisms, but has thus far made hardly any impact for model checking higher-level formalisms such as B, Z or TLA. This paper attempts to remedy this issue in the context of the increasing importance of Event-B, with its much more fine-grained events and thus increased potential f...

Anonymous communication is a rapidly evolving area: it is needed for several privacy related services, such as anonymous electronic voting, payment or consultancy. Numerous techniques have been developed for the main goal: to deliver messages from senders to recipients in a manner that an adversary should find it difficult to identify who communicates with whom. In this paper we analyze two rep...

In this paper we present a population-based algorithm for solving permutational optimization problems. The presented properties and ideas are applied to the classic strongly NP-hard Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). Computational experiments show that the proposed algorithm allows us to obtain results which are very close to the best known solutions for the benchmark problems in a short time....

In this paper, we present a formal model and analysis of the AMBA Advanced Highperformance Bus. The model is given in CSP‖B—an integration of the process algebra CSP and the state-based formalism B. We describe the theory behind the integration of CSP and B, and present the model in this theory. Analysis is performed using the model-checker ProB. The contribution of this paper may be summarized...

Systems analysis is the examxna.t on of a problem situation in order to define the requirements of a solution, often computerized, to that problem. The diversity of prob ems and the constraints of computing technology require that a probWra be thoroughly analyzed in order to insure that the problem is claarly understood. Then, and only then, it can be determined how ccuputing technology can be ...

We define and study the inverse of particle addition process in the Abelian sandpile model. We show how to obtain the unique recurrent configuration corresponding to a single particle deletion by a sequence of operations called inverse avalanches. We study the probability distribution of sl, the number of "untopplings" in the first inverse avalanche. For a square lattice, we determine Prob(sl )...

The application of SAT solver in industrial verificationtools is mandatory for the successful analysis of prob-lems derived from hardware design, e.g. CombinationalEquivalence Checking (CEC) and Bounded Model Check-ing (BMC). In [8] Chaff, a new powerful SAT solver, waspresented that outperforms most of the existing publiclyavailable SAT solvers when applied to hard ...

Flow of the Classify-Verify algorithm on a test document D and a suspect set A, with optional acceptance threshold t and in-set prob. p. The Classify-Verify Algorithm Input: Document D, suspect author set A = {A1, ...,An}, target measure to maximize μ Optional: in-set prob. p, manual threshold t Output: AD if AD ∈ A, and ⊥ otherwise CA← classifier trained on A VA = {VA1, ...,VAn} ← verifiers tr...

In this paper, we study a new nonlinear sequential differential prob-
 lem with nonlocal integral conditions that involve convergent series. The
 problem involves two fractional order operators: Riemann-Liouville inte-
 gral, Caputo and derivatives. We prove an existence
 uniqueness result. Also, existence end our
 paper by presenting some illustrative examples.

The major concern of regulatory authority overtime is on the need to enhance sound practices among banks through improvement corporate governance; therefore this research examined effect governance commercial profitability in Nigeria. study covered period 2009 2018 and secondary data were obtained from audited financial statement selected which are Guarantee Trust Bank Nigeria PLC, Zenith PLC F...