Social development undoubtedly requires people participation in different domains. It seems without participation, we cannot achieve a people-centered, inclusive and sustainable social development. In the social development process, all citizens with various ethnic and religious interests are able to affect on all the social phenomena and variables, based on their competencies and mental capaci...

In this paper, a displacement-constrained volume-minimizing topology optimization model is present for two-dimensional continuum problems. The new model is a generalization of the displacement-constrained volume-minimizing model developed by Yi and Sui [1] in which the displacement is constrained in the loading point. In the original model the displacement constraint was formulated as an equali...

Writing is an important language skill, and learning to write not easy endeavour, especially for English as a foreign (EFL) students. An effective EFL writing instruction, therefore, plays significant role in helping students deal with problems efficiently approach tasks effectively. Based on this premise, the present study aims at investigating effect of two alternative approaches, process pro...

This paper is concerned with two projects in the field of process-oriented knowledge management, InfoAtlas and PROMOTE. In the InfoAtlas project the feasibility of our approach for process-oriented knowledge management was shown, in PROMOTE this approach is currently being extended for building a methodology and a product integrated in the framework of business process management. For both proj...

Allocation of construction risks between clients and their contractors has a significant impact on the total construction costs. This paper presents a system dynamics (SD)-based approach for quantitative risk allocation. Using the proposed SD based approach, all the factors affecting the risk allocation process are modeled. The contractor’s defensive strategies against the one-sided risk alloca...

The most important goal of each society, is to reach economic development. As the goal and agent of development, man has got an important responsibility, which responsibility is realized by way of education, specially higher education, because the universities are the main factors for progress, production of knowledge and education of specialized human forces and they play a significant role in...