Product take-back systems are fundamental for Circular Economy (CE) and focus on recovering value by taking back products to be recycled, re-manufactured, or refurbished. In theory, the expected from CE is undeniable. However, in practice product often small/pilot scale have difficulties becoming financially viable, which an obstacle towards widespread adoption of thus a barrier achieving susta...

<p>Gross Domestic Product acts as an indicator of the economic growth a country. To enhance growth, government must initiate development that would spur such growth. Gross represents rise or fall in per capita income. facilitate development, should ensure consistent income through taxation. The purpose this study was to establish relationship between direct taxes and Kenyan economy. indep...

The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a concept of policy instrument particularly pushed by circles to contribute circular economy. preliminary design the DPP supposed have product-related information compiled mainly manufactures and, thus, provide basis for more products. Given lack scientific debate on DPP, this study seeks work out options and how these might benefit stakeholders in product’...

The development of product-service systems (PSSs) has become one the most prominent ways in which to promote a circular and resource-efficient economy. These shift focus from selling products as commodities offering solutions that fulfil customers’ needs provide added value. PSSs have gained attention due their potential foster sustainability, particularly context economy resource efficiency. T...

We consider an economy where a lender nances his loans to borrowers by issuing a securitized product to an investor and where the credit quality of the product may depend on whether the lender screens the borrowers. In the presence of asymmetric information between the lender and the investor about the credit quality of potential borrowers, overvaluation of the low quality securitized product m...

Quality of Service (QoS) is one of the most important and active research topics within Grid technology. But the emerging transformation from a product oriented economy to a service oriented economy establishes a new scenario where actual QoS mechanisms need to be enforced and new QoS mechanisms needed. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are considered the cornerstone born to fulfill those require...

business and its main functions such as marketing has value regulations in islamic economy. the main purpose of this paper is the indicatation of islamic values in marketing mix decisions. to achieve this purpose , the islamic values in marketing mix decisions include product, price, promotion and place decisions emanated from quran and documented practices of the holy prophet (peace be upon hi...

The importance of a country’s international trade is relevant for a multitude of questions in the economic research, since international dependences influence most economical variables of a country. Usually, the concept of openness degree of an economy is used to represent this international interlocking of trade, where previous studies applied mainly output-oriented operationalizations of the ...