Background Biomarkers play different roles in trials, being accordingly classified into ‘prognostic’, ‘predictive’, ‘surrogate’, or combinations thereof. Knowledge of a biomarker’s role enables focused testing in late Phase trials through a better choice from available designs (e.g. ‘stratified’, ‘strategy’, and ‘enrichment’). Preliminary studies can inform a biomarker’s role and the relative v...

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, occurs in genetically susceptible individuals who mount inappropriate immune responses to endoluminal antigens. Serologic and genetic markers have shown great potential for clinical application in Crohn's disease (CD), particularly for prognostication. However, their use is not as well established in UC. The aim of this paper is to ...

Immunotherapy is considered to be the only curative treatment for allergic diseases such as pollinosis, perennial rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy. The sublingual route is widely applied for immunotherapy for allergy, instead of the conventional administration by subcutaneous route. A recent meta-analysis of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has shown that this approach is safe, has positive cl...

This critical review aims to explore predictive and prognostic biomarkers of Yttrium-90 (Y90) radioembolization therapy of colorectal liver metastases. A brief overview of established predictive and prognostic molecular and genetic biomarkers in colorectal cancer therapies will be discussed. A review of the literature on imaging modalities, genetic, metabolic and other molecular markers and the...

With the surge in therapeutic options for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) comes increasingly complicated treatment decision making, highlighting the need for biomarkers that can identify appropriate patients for specific treatments and accurately assess disease response. Here we discuss existing and potential prognostic, predictive, and surrogate biomarkers in CRPC.

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity improves prognosis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Combining HPV status with other biomarkers may improve its prognostic power. METHODS The approach was a literature search for longitudinal studies of biomarkers in OPSCC, with systematic review and meta-analysis. RESULTS In all, 3130 articles were identified; 3...

The management of solid tumors has been transformed by the advent of VEGF pathway inhibitors. Early clinical evaluation of these drugs has used pharmacodynamic biomarkers derived from advanced imaging such as dynamic MRI, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound to establish proof of principle. We have reviewed published studies that used these imaging techniques to determine whether the same b...

BACKGROUND Prognostic biomarkers are required for risk stratification therapy in the patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). In this study, we aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers in GIST. We assessed the prognostic value of E twenty-six variant 1 (ETV1), a recently identified transcription factor unique to GIST. We also examined the clinical utility and functions of its downstr...

Sooman, L. 2014. Prognostic Biomarkers and Target Proteins for Treatment of High-grade Gliomas. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 965. 74 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-8839-0. The survival for high-grade glioma patients is poor and the treatment may cause severe side effects. A common obstacle in the treatment is...

Background: Non-coding microRNAs (miR) regulate gene expression on post transcriptional level and open new perspectives of prognostic stratification as potential biomarkers head neck cancer. The aim was to investigate diagnostic implications miR-182-5p miR-205-5p in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs).