Malignant tumor cells are equipped with mechanisms that can help them escape the surveillance by host immune system. Immune checkpoint molecules can transduce coinhibitory signals to immunocompetent cells and exert immunosuppressive roles in antitumor immunity. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are the two important checkpoint molecules with great potential in targ...

Objective: To investigate the relationship between programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression using 5%, 25%, 50% cutoffs in tumor cells (TC) and postsurgical survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. For samples with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), correlation between PD-L1 expression in TIL using 1% cutoff and postsurgical survival was also evaluated. Methods: Primary NS...

The aim of the study was to assess expression immune checkpoint inhibitor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in equine sarcoids (ES). Programmed is expressed by various cancer cells block T cell–mediated elimination tumor cells. Antibodies targeting human PD-L1 were tested immunohistochemistry for their cross-reactivity with using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Our results do not sup...

Early phase clinical trials targeting the programmed death receptor-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway to overcome tumor-mediated immunosuppression have reported promising results for a variety of cancers. This pathway appears to play an important role in the failure of immune reactivity to malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma patients, as the tumor cells express relatively high levels of PD...

The aim of T-cell-based immune therapy for cancer has been to generate durable clinical benefit for patients. Following a generation of therapies that largely showed minimal activity, substantial toxicity, and no biomarkers to identify which patients benefit from treatment, early studies are showing signs that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are highly...

Casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that negatively regulates T cell activation. Cbl-b-/- T cells are hyper-reactive and co-stimulation independent, and Cbl-b-/- mice demonstrate robust T cell and NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity. As a result of these murine studies, Cbl-b is considered a potential target for therapeutic manipulation in human cancer immunotherapy. ...

Quantitative assessment of key proteins that control the tumor-immune interface is one of the most formidable analytical challenges in immunotherapeutics. We developed a targeted MS platform to quantify programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) at fmol/microgram protein levels in formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded secti...