PURPOSE Surgical treatment for prostate cancer represents a large national health care expenditure. We determined whether state level variation in the cost of radical prostatectomy exists and whether we could explain this variation by adjusting for covariates associated with cost. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the 2004 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample of 7,978,0...

Parametric cost models can be used by designers and project managers to perform relative cost comparisons between major architectural cost drivers and allow high-level design trades; enable cost-benefit analysis for technology development investment; and, provide a basis for estimating total project cost between related concepts. This paper reports on recent revisions and improvements to our gr...

This paper discusses decision making of project funding allocation under uncertain project costs. Because project costs are uncertain and funding allocations may not necessarily match the costs required, each project is inherently subject to a cost overrun risk (COR). In this paper, a model is proposed in which project cost is treated as a factor with a probability density function. The decisio...

a successful software should be finalized with determined and predetermined cost and time. software is a production which its approximate cost is expert workforce and professionals. the most important and approximate software cost estimation (sce) is related to the trained workforce. creative nature of software projects and its abstract nature make extremely cost and time of projects difficult ...

The purpose of this problem is to choose a set of project activities for crashing, in a way that the expected project time, cost and risk are minimized and the expected quality is maximized. In this problem, each project activity can be performed with a specific executive mode. Each executive mode is characterized with four measures, namely the expected time, cost, quality and risk. In this pap...

In this note we consider a society that partitions itself into disjoint jurisdictions, each choosing a location of its public project and a taxation scheme to finance it. The set of public project is multi-dimensional, and their costs could vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. We impose two principles, egalitarianism, that requires the equalization of the total cost for all agents in the sam...

Makespan and cost minimization are two important factors in project investment. This paper considers a multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing costs, subject to a deadline constraint. A number of studies have focused on minimizing makespan or resource availability cost with a specified deadline. This problem assumes a fixed cost for the availa...

Iran is a large producer of agricultural products. Irrigation water resources are limited and the water use efficiency is low. The micro irrigation system (MIS) is a versatile management tool that can increase water productivity. Although micro irrigation has a lot of advantages, some of its disadvantages are its difficult and time-consuming design. Economical analysis of the design is one of t...