At first, George Boole introduced conditional propositions as the basis for better development of propositional logic. A compound statement composed two atomic statements (antecedent and consequent) by connective 'if—then' is called For example: "If it raining, then roads are wet". Here first this proposition, 'It raining,' antecedent, second, 'the wet,' consequent. The material in which false ...

This supplementary material contains: i) the proofs of Proposition 1, Proposition 2 and Proposition 3, ii) details on the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm used to sample from the joint posterior distribution of the parameters, for both the conditional partially PH model and the shared frailty PH model, iii) complementary results from both the simulation study and the analysis of the insurance...

Value proposition is a key concept in the research on service and in the practice of service management. Value propositions are described as tools to communicate and motivate a joint value creation opportunity among involved organizations and stakeholders. The future orientation and intangibility of service places value proposition as the key element of competitive service business. However, th...

The most famous epistemic paradox is Fitch’s paradox. In it, Frederic Fitch offered a counterexample to the Principle of Knowability (PK), namely, that any true proposition can be known. His example is the proposition that some proposition is true but not known. This proposition is not paradoxical or contradictory in itself, but contradicts (PK), which many have found appealing. What is really ...

In this article, we discuss problems with probability theory in representing uncertainties encountered in the "real world" and show how belief functions can overcome these difficulties. Also, we discuss an expected utility approach of decision making under ambiguity using the belief function framework. In particular, we develop a proposition for decision making under ambiguity using the expecte...

In a recent letter by Ying et al. [Inf. Process. Lett. 104 (2007) 152-158], it showed some sufficient conditions for commutativity of quantum weakest preconditions. This paper provides some simple characterizations for the commutativity of quantum weakest preconditions, i.e., Theorem 3, Theorem 4 and Proposition 5 in what follows. We also show that to characterize the commutativity of quantum w...