background: clinical and epidemiological variation was seen between the colon cancer (cc) and rectum cancer (rc). so, there is not so much data available about the epidemiological and clinicopathological differences and prognostic factors regarding to cc and cr in iran, we aimed to perform this study. methods: all cases of cc and rc referred to oncology and gastroenterology wards of taleghani g...

background: it is relevant to highlight that there is not a precise and perfect report on either 95 percentile value (upper limit of normal range) or on appropriate reference intervals for serum psa in iranian population. objective: to determine age-specific reference ranges for serum prostate-specific antigen (psa) concentration and psa density (psad) and prostate volumes in a population of he...

OBJECTIVE Several nomograms have been developed to predict outcomes related to prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS We provide a descriptive and an analytic comparison of nomograms. Further, we report a set of recent PCa nomograms, in which we recorded predictor variables, number of patients used to develop each nomogram, and nomogram-specific features. Moreover, accuracy estimates and type of vali...

The development and optimization of high-throughput screening methods has identified a multitude of genetic changes associated with human disease. The use of immunodeficient and genetically engineered mouse models that mimic the human disease has been crucial in validating the importance of these genetic pathways in prostate cancer. These models provide a platform for finding novel therapies to...

Prior studies suggest Medicare eligibility confers significant and substantial reductions in mortality and beneficial increases in health service utilization. We compared 13,882 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at ages 63 to 64 years with 14,774 patients diagnosed at ages 65 to 66 (controls) in 2004 to 2007. Compared with controls, patients diagnosed with prostate cancer before Medicare ...

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men in the world. The presentation of this cancer may range from microscopic to metastatic forms. Patients with prostate cancer may experience metastasis to the gastrointestinal system. Here, we present a case of prostate cancer metastasizing to the third portion of duodenum, a very uncommon site of metastasis. To the best of authors' knowledg...

Since the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in the early 1990s, there has been a 50% decline in prostate cancer (PCa)–specific mortality (PCSM) and a >70% decline in the incidence of metastases at diagnosis [1]. However, there have been recent declines in PSA screening leading to lower PCa incidence in the US [2]. Understanding the impact of diminished PSA screening on P...

Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a very useful screening tool, prostate biopsy is still necessary to confirm prostate cancer (PCA). However, it is reported that PSA is associated with a high false-positive rate and prostate biopsy also has various procedure-related complications. Therefore, the authors have devised a nomogram, which can be used to estimate the risk of PCA, using avai...

Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumor diseases worldwide. Often being non-aggressive, prostate tumors in these cases do not need immediate treatment. However, about 20% of diagnosed prostate cancers tend to metastasize and require treatment. Existing diagnostic methods may fail to accurately recognize the transition of a dormant, non-aggressive tumor into highly malignant prostate can...

We are now probably all more aware of "hormonal imbalances" than ever before. Investigators of problems in experimental endocrinology have been aware of hormonal imbalances or balances for many years. Now the terms are used more frequently because they are being considered in connection with the production and treatment of tumors and cancer. An environment in which both the applied and fundamen...