Incubating tobacco leaf tissue, from which the lower epidermis was peeled, overnight with o'3 to o.4 % Macerozyme and o-6 to i-2 % cellulase, depending on leaf condition, produced a good yield of protoplasts that were susceptible to infection by TMV. Fluorescent antibody staining showed that 20 to 8o % ofprotoplasts became infected, and infectivity tests indicated that an average of about 4 × I...

Light-induced changes in the volume of protoplasts bathed in a medium of constant osmolarity are useful indications of light-dependent cellular osmoregulation. With this in mind, we investigated the effect of light on the volume of protoplasts isolated from the elongating stems of pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings raised under red light. The protoplasts were isolated separately from epidermal peels...

Liriodendron is a genus of the magnolia family comprised of two flowering tree species that produce hardwoods of great ecological and economic value. However, only a limited amount of genetic research has been performed on the Liriodendron genus partly because transient or stable transgenic trees have been difficult to produce. In general, transient expression systems are indispensable for rapi...

Protoplasts from infected and uninfected cells were isolated from the central nitrogen fixing tissue of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Contender) root nodules. Successive filtrations allowed the separation of the infected cells, whereas the small uninfected cells were isolated on a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Higher yields of intact protoplasts were obtained from young (4-week-old) n...

Photosynthetic (14)CO(2) fixation, [(14)C]glycolate formation, and the decarboxylation of [1-(14)C]glycolate and [1-(14)C]glycine by leaf mesophyll protoplasts isolated from isogenic diploid and tetraploid cultivars of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were examined. The per cent O(2) inhibition of photosynthesis in protoplasts from the tetraploid cultivar was less than that of the diploid line at b...

The in vivo and in vitro effects of UV-C (254 nm) exposure (0.039 watt . m(-2) . s for 2 h) of currant tomato (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium), indigenous to Peru and Ecuador, were assayed. H(2)O(2) deposits, dead cells and DNA damage were localized, 12/24 h after irradiation, mainly in periveinal parenchyma of the 1st and 2nd order veins of the leaves, and before the appearance of visible sympt...

Lomofungin, an antibiotic active against fungi, yeasts, and bacteria, rapidly inhibits synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) but not protein by protoplasts of Saccharomyces strain 1016. With 40 mug of lomofungin/ml, RNA synthesis was almost completely halted after 10 min of incubation; protein synthesis continued for at least 40 min. Since lomofungin inhibits isolated RNA polymerases from yeast, ...

Phenotypic expression of different genes controlling resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tomato was analysed in the protoplast system using otherwise isogenic breeding lines. Genes Tm-2 and Tin-22 were not expressed and did not prevent TMV-L, a common tomato strain of TMV, infecting and multiplying. By contrast, homozygous gene Tin-I was able to express its effect in protoplasts as well...

AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7) is one of five ARF transcriptional activators in Arabidopsis thaliana that is proposed to regulate auxin-responsive expression of genes containing TGTCTC auxin response elements in their promoters. An Arabidopsis mutant (nonphototropic hypocotyl4-1 [nph4-1]) that is a null for ARF7 showed strongly reduced expression of integrated auxin-responsive reporter genes and...

The zeta potential measurements of protoplasts obtained from winter wheat cell culture and phospholipid liposomes were performed to determine the electrokinetic charge in a medium containing various phytohormones (kinetin, 2,4-D and zearalenone) in absence and in presence of 2 x 10(-5) MCa2+. Calli were induced from immature inflorescences (inf) and embryos (emb) and cultured to obtain non-embr...