The brain-computer interface (BCI) community started to consider games as potential applications while the games community started to consider BCI as a game controller. However, there is a discrepancy between the BCI games developed by the two communities. In this paper, we propose a preliminary BCI games framework that we constructed with respect to the research conducted in both the BCI and t...

In this paper X is a BCI-algebra and n is an element of N. Let D be a set, let f be a function from N into D, and let n be a natural number. Then f(n) is an element of D. Let G be a non empty BCI structure with 0. The functor BCI-powerG yielding a function from (the carrier of G) × N into the carrier of G is defined as follows: (Def. 1) For every element x of G holds (BCI-powerG)(x, 0) = 0G and...

The P300-based brain-computer interface (P300 BCI) is currently a very popular topic in assistive technology development. However, only a few simple P300 BCI based-games have been designed so far. Here, we analyze the shortcomings of this BCI in gaming applications and show that solutions for overcoming them already exist, although these techniques are dispersed over several different games. Ad...

BACKGROUND Diagnosing blunt cardiac injury (BCI) can be difficult. Many patients with mechanism for BCI are admitted to the critical care setting based on associated injuries; however, debate surrounds those patients who are hemodynamically stable and do not otherwise require a higher level of care. To allow safe discharge home or admission to a nonmonitored setting, BCI should be definitively ...

As a new way of implementing human-computer interface, brain-computer interfaces (BCI) dramatically change the user experiences and have broad applications in cyber behavior research. This methodological review attempts to provide an overall picture of the BCI science and its role in cyberpsychology. After an introduction of BCI and the literature search methods used in this review, we offer an...

We consider the notion of an isomorphism between two hyper BCI-algebras and obtain all of the hyper BCI-algebras of order 3. It is shown that there exist 14 proper hyper BCI-algebras and 5 proper weak hyper BCI-algebras of order 3 up to isomorphism. Finally, further study on the theory of hyper BCI-algebra and its related hyper structure and applications of our results in information sciences a...

OBJECTIVE Brain computer interfaces (BCI) can serve as a communication system for people with severe impairment in speech and motor function due to neurodegenerative disease or injury. Reasons for inter-individual differences in capability of BCI usage are not yet fully understood. Paradigms making use of the P300 event-related potential are widely used. Success in a P300 based BCI requires the...

In a recent study by Sellers et al. (1) a patient in locked-in state after brainstem stroke was able to successfully communicate via electroencephalography (EEG) based brain computer interface (BCI) employing a P300 speller paradigm. BCI uses the brain signal, which can either be the electrical signal (electroencephalography-EEG) (2) or a change in hemodynamic activity [functional magnetic reso...

We analyze the state/trajectory tracking problem using Lyapunov control for finite-dimensional quantum systems when the target state is not a generic density operator and the Lyapunov function is therefore not a Morse function. For ideal systems general stability results are derived for stationary target states based on the linearization method. For the special class of pseudo-pure states a ful...