New invariants of 3-dimensional manifolds appearing in the Ktheory of certain operator algebras are introduced. First, we consider the conjugacy problem for pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphisms of a compact surface X. The operator algebra in question is an AF -algebra attached to stable (unstable) foliation of the pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphism. We prove that conjugacy classes of commensurable pseudoAno...

Multiple-valued logics are non-classical logics. They are similar to classical logic because they accept the principle of truth-functionality, namely, the truth of a compound sentence is determined by the truth values of its component sentences (and so remains unaffected when one of its component sentences is replaced by another sentence with the same truth value). But they differ from classica...

The use of hoop barns as an alternative housing system for beef cattle has not been widely researched. The objectives of this study were to determine the main effects of behavior of steers 1) over winter and summer, 2) when housed in either a hoop barn or a conventional feedlot, and 3) interactions between season and housing system. A total of 960 crossbred Bos taurus steers were used [August 2...

We report here on a new arthroscopic direct repair technique for a radial tear of the posterior root of the medial meniscus (PRMM) using a posterior trans-septal portal. Radial tears of the PRMM are commonly observed in the elderly population of Korea and Japan, and the life style of these people requires squatting and kneeling down in daily life. A radial tear of the PRMM results in the loss o...

In this paper we study particular classes of pseudo-BCK algebras, bounded or not bounded, as pseudo-BCK(pP) algebras, pseudo-BCK(pP) lattices, pseudo-Hájek(pP) algebras and pseudo-Wajsberg algebras. We introduce new classes of pseudo-BCK(pP) lattices, we establish hierarchies and we give some examples. We work with left-defined algebras and we work with → and ; as primitive operations, not with...

We introduce two-dimensional linear algebra, by which we do not mean two-dimensional vector spaces but rather the systematic replacement in linear algebra of sets by categories. This entails the study of categories that are simultaneously categories of algebras for a monad and categories of coalgebras for comonad on a category such as SymMons, the category of small symmetric monoidal categories...

In this paper the effect of composite hoop-wrapped on stress intensity factor for semi-elliptical external crack which located in spherical pressure vessel, were investigated through the Finite Element Analysis. In order to find the effect of some parameters such as composite thickness and width, internal pressure and crack geometry, comparisons between different cases were done and discussed i...

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of (∈,∈∨ q)-fuzzy (implicative, MV and G-) filters of pseudo-BL algebras and to investigate some of their related properties. Some characterization theorems of these generalized fuzzy (implicative) filters are derived. The relationship among these generalized fuzzy filters of pseudo-BL algebras is considered. It is proved that an (∈,∈ ∨q)-fuzzy f...

Let R be a commutative Noetherian Q-algebra (Q is the field of rational numbers). Let δ be a derivation of R and σ be an automorphism of R. Then we prove the following: 1. If R is a Pseudo-valuation ring, then R[x, δ] is also a Pseudo-valuation ring. 2. If R is a divided ring, then R[x, δ] is also a divided ring. 3. If R is a Pseudo-valuation ring, thenR[x, x−1, σ] is also a Pseudo-valuation ri...