The yeast prions [PSI+] and [URE3] are folded in-register parallel β-sheet amyloids of Sup35p and Ure2p, respectively. In a screen for antiprion systems curing [PSI+] without protein overproduction, we detected Siw14p as an antiprion element. An array of genetic tests confirmed that many variants of [PSI+] arising in the absence of Siw14p are cured by restoring normal levels of the protein. Siw...

Our earlier studies with the pgsA mutant of Synechocystis PCC6803 demonstrated the important role of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in PSII dimer formation and in electron transport between the primary and secondary electron-accepting plastoquinones of PSII. Using a long-term depletion of PG from pgsA mutant cells, we could induce a decrease not only in PSII but also in PSI activity. Simultaneously ...

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous antioxidants that protect cells against oxidative stress. We show that the yeast Tsa1/Tsa2 Prxs colocalize to ribosomes and function to protect the Sup35 translation termination factor against oxidative stress-induced formation of its heritable [PSI(+)] prion conformation. In a tsa1 tsa2 [psi(-)] [PIN(+)] strain, the frequency of [PSI(+)] de novo formation i...

Photosystem I (PSI) from Chroococcidiopsis thermalis PCC 7203 grown under far-red light (FRL; >725 nm) contains both chlorophyll a and a small proportion of chlorophyll f. Here, we investigated excitation energy transfer and charge separation using this FRL-grown form of PSI (FRL-PSI). We compared femtosecond transient visible absorption changes of normal, white-light (WL)-grown PSI (WL-PSI) wi...

The yeast cytoplasmically inherited genetic determinant [PSI+] is presumed to be a manifestation of the prion-like properties of the Sup35 protein (Sup35p). Here, cell-free conversion of Sup35p from [psi-] cells (Sup35ppsi-) to the prion-like [PSI+]-specific form (Sup35pPSI+) was observed. The conversion reaction could be repeated for several consecutive cycles, thus modeling in vitro continuou...

The physiological mechanisms responsible for reduced extension growth as trees increase in height remain elusive. We evaluated biophysical constraints on leaf expansion in old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. Needle elongation rates, plastic and elastic extensibility, bulk leaf water (Psi(L)) and osmotic (Psi(pi)) potential, bulk tissue yield threshold and final ...

Biochemical and structural studies indicate that electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are critical in the formation of optimal complexes for efficient electron transfer (ET) between ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FNR) and ferredoxin (Fd). Moreover, it has been shown that several charged and hydrophobic residues on the FNR surface are also critical for the interaction with flavodoxin (Fld),...

Systematic spectral analysis of Phase Shifting Interferometry (PSI) algorithms was first proposed in 1990 by Freischlad and Koliopoulos (F&K). This analysis was proposed with the intention that "in a glance" the main properties of the PSI algorithms would be highlighted. However a major drawback of the F&K spectral analysis is that it changes when the PSI algorithm is rotated or its reference s...

We have been reporting several new techniques of analysis and synthesis applied to Phase Shifting Interferometry (PSI). These works are based upon the Frequency Transfer Function (FTF) and how this new tool of analysis and synthesis in PSI may be applied to obtain very general results, among them; rotational invariant spectrum; complex PSI algorithms synthesis based on simpler first and second ...

A failure of mitochondrial bioenergetics has been shown to be closely associated with the onset of apoptotic and necrotic neuronal injury. Here, we developed an automated computational model that interprets the single-cell fluorescence for tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) as a consequence of changes in either delta psi(m) or delta psi(p), thus allowing for the characterization of respon...