considered supply chain in this article consists of one vendor and multiple retailers where the vendor applies vendor managed inventory. considering vendor as a leader and retailers as followers, stackelberg game theory is applied for modeling and analyzing this system. a general mixed integer nonlinear model is developed which can optimizes the performance of the system under revenue sharing c...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine trends in the incidence and outcomes of bicycle-related injuries in emergency departments (ED) in South Korea. METHODS We analysed data from the National Emergency Department Information System database for adult patients (≥20 years) with bicycle-related injuries presenting to EDs in South Korea between January 2012 and December 2014. Riders and bicycle p...

BACKGROUND This study examined the sociodemographic and perceived environmental factors associated with public bicycle use among Taiwanese urban adults. METHODS A random-digit-dialing telephone-based cross-sectional survey was administered to Taiwanese urban adults aged 20-64 years in 2015. Data on sociodemographic variables, perceived environmental factors (for attributes identified in the I...

In recent decades, urban planning has tended to humanist urbanism. In this regard foot travels and bicycle use are the two strategies that urban planners and transportation engineers are using them as adequate alternatives for making cities more people friendly. Using bicycle is known as a strategy that has a great role in decreasing traffic among developing countries in recent decades. These c...

BACKGROUND The health benefits of physical activity are well documented in scientific literature. Bicycling for transportation is a modality of physical activity that people can incorporate easily into their daily lives. METHODS A qualitative study using 11 semi-structured individual interviews and 5 focus groups was conducted among 31 male and 13 female adult residents of Bogotá, Colombia in...

This paper presents a kriging method for spatial prediction of temporal intensity functions, situations where point process is observed at different locations. Assuming that several replications the are available sites, this avoids assumptions like isotropy, which not valid in many applications. As part derivations, new nonparametric estimators mean and covariance functions processes introduced...

Urbanization and motorization increases encourage traffic congestion related problems. This triggers alternative innovative solution in the context of advanced technology. The necessity providing balanced modal distribution intermodal integration is a well-known issue. In this paper within framework firstly existing case expressed on axial developing developed countries then electrical bicycle ...

in recent decades, urban planning has tended to humanist urbanism. in this regard foot travels and bicycle use are the two strategies that urban planners and transportation engineers are using them as adequate alternatives for making cities more people friendly. using bicycle is known as a strategy that has a great role in decreasing traffic among developing countries in recent decades. these c...