The selection of pull strategy or push strategy for specific products depends on not only the change of demand, but also the importance of scale economy for production and distribution. In fact, almost no complete pull strategy or complete push strategy is adopted from begin to end in practice, and in most cases, the combined push-pull strategy is adopted in a marketing process. This paper will...

To push a vertex v of a directed graph −→ G is to change the orientations of all the arcs incident with v. An oriented graph is a directed graph without any cycle of length at most 2. An oriented clique is an oriented graph whose non-adjacent vertices are connected by a directed 2-path. A push clique is an oriented clique that remains an oriented clique even if one pushes any set of vertices of...

As a supplementary strategy for Mass Customisation (MC) in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) we propose an active approach to E-Commerce, the so called Push Concepts, where the supplier assumes the control during interactions with the customers. In this article we firstly describe the nature, the concepts and technical implementations of Push Principles in a meta-framework. After a short d...

In peer-to-peer systems, replication is an important issue as it improves search performance and data availability. It has been shown that optimal replication is attained when the number of replicas per item is proportional to the square root of their popularity. In this paper, we focus on updates in the case of optimal replication. In particular, we propose a new practical strategy for achievi...