Partial shading of PV plants mitigate the maximum power generation solar modules. As a result, output is lower than expected. It affected not only by number shaded modules but also patterns. This paper examined plant rated at 15 kW connected in series-parallel for various patterns, such as row-wise and column-wise partial shading. plant's behavior investigated under irradiation levels degrees T...

Analyses of DNA polymorphism and virulence variation were used to evaluate the population structure of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, the pathogen causing cassava bacterial blight in Colombia. We collected strains from the major cassava-growing regions which can be grouped into different edaphoclimatic zones (ECZs) according to environmental conditions, production constraints, and econom...

Time interval and time length are two important indexes when analyzing the active output data of photovoltaic (PV) power stations. When the time interval is constant, the length of time is too small, and the included information is less, resulting in a lack and distortion of information; it the length of time is too large, the included information is redundant and complicated, resulting in unne...

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is one of the cleanest sources for producing renewable energy; however uptake on the Irish renewable energy market to date has been low. There is a lack of support for solar PV systems in Ireland; there is currently no solar PV energy feed-in-tariff as there are for other renewable energy systems in Ireland. Despite the current lack of support, the Government ...

Quality, reliability, and durability are the key features of photovoltaic (PV) solar system design, production, operation. They considered when manufacturing every cell designing entire system. Achieving these ensures that PV performs satisfactorily offers years trouble-free operation, even in adverse conditions. In each cell, quality raw material should meet standards. The fulfillment manageme...

Phytohormones signal and combine to maintain the physiological equilibrium in the plant. Pathogens enhance host susceptibility by modulating the hormonal balance of the plant cell. Unlike other plant hormones, the detailed role of cytokinin in plant immunity remains to be fully elucidated. Here, extensive data mining, including of pathogenicity factors, host regulatory proteins, enzymes of horm...

In this work, we propose the use of a low-cost PV monitoring system for providing accurate and comprehensive data required in development efficient reliable solar plants. The is developed based on an open-source Arduino platform with capability to monitor irradiance, electric outputs temperature multiple panels, which should enable assessment energy resource, as well electrical produced by plan...

AvrPtoB is a type III effector protein from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato that physically interacts with the tomato Pto kinase and, depending on the host genotype, either elicits or suppresses programmed cell death associated with plant immunity. We reported previously that avrPtoB-related sequences are present in diverse gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria. Here we describe characterizati...