Objective- The aim of this study was to test the repeatability, the variability, and to establish the reference values of PW measurements in healthy Markhoz goats.Design- Retrospective study.Animals- 20 female Markhoz goats.Procedure- Using a standardized PW Doppler echocardiographic protocol, 20healthy adult unsedated female Markhoz goats were investigated three times at one-...

[1] Multiyear climate variations influence North Pacific storm intensity and resultant variations in wave energy levels. The timing of these decadal fluctuations and strong El Ni~no’s have had a strong influence on long-term trends. Here we investigate variations in the North Pacific wave power, PW, determined from WAVEWATCH III (WW3) wave model significant wave height, Hs, and peak period data...

Nguyen, Minhtri K., and Ira Kurtz. A new formula for predicting alterations in plasma sodium concentration in peritoneal dialysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288: F1113–F1117, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00387.2004.—Alterations in the plasma water sodium concentration ([Na ]pw) result from changes in the total exchangeable sodium (Nae), total exchangeable potassium (Ke), and total body water (TB...

BACKGROUND Diagnosing TIA can be difficult, since evidence of brain ischemia is habitually lacking on CT and conventional MR imaging. It has been suggested that patients with acute brain infarction on neuroimaging should be considered stroke cases instead of TIA, regardless of duration of symptoms, implying that optimal diagnostic methods need to be utilized. We therefore postulated that perfus...

Social optimization problems maximize the weighted sum of individual utilities over feasible allocations that satisfy certain constraints. In this paper, we propose a method that determines endogenous individual weights for such problems. We …rst provide three axioms which uniquely determine, for any welfare function, the contribution of a bundle of goods to that welfare function. We then de…ne...

We propose a framework to understand the distribution of individual wellbeing and its change over time with an application to the U.S. elderly population. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we estimate life-cycle dynamics and simulate individual outcome paths starting from age sixty. We use an expected utility framework and the simulated profiles to construct a measure of individu...

Nanometric ions, such as polyoxometalates (POMs) or ionic boron clusters, with low charge density have previously shown a strong propensity to bind macrocycles and adsorb neutral surfaces: micellar, surfactant covered water–air polymer surfaces. These association phenomena were arise from solvent-mediated effect called the (super-)chaotropic effect. We show here by combining cloud point (CP) me...

In Germany, imposition of benefit cuts for non-compliant welfare recipients depends on the policy of the local welfare agencies resulting in considerable regional variation, expressed in milder and stricter sanction regimes. Findings from international studies show, that benefit sanctions can substantially increase individual employment uptake. This raises the question, whether a stricter use o...

The paper deals with the measurement of household welfare in a general and flexible framework: It defines measures of individual and household willingness to pay (and to accept) and examines their relationship. The sum of the individual welfare measures forms only an upper bound for the corresponding measure of household welfare. The bounds are tightened by introducing additional assumptions ab...

This paper considers the problem of maximizing social welfare subject to participation constraints. It is shown that for an income allocation method that maximizes a social welfare function there is a monotonic relationship between the incomes allocated to individual agents in a given coalition (with at least three members) and its participation constraint if and only if the aggregate income to...