Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological stem cell cancer driven by BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. We review the previous and recent evidence on the significance of CML in diagnostic and clinic management. The technical monitoring of BCR-ABL1 with quantitative real time-PCR has been used in assessing patient outcome. The cytogenetic mark of CML is Philadelphia chromosome, that is formed by r...

OBJECTIVES B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-LBL) arising in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is exceedingly rare and poorly characterized. METHODS We describe four patients with CLL and concurrent or subsequent B-LBL diagnosed by morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular analysis and reviewed the literature. RESULTS In three patients, B-LBL followed CLL by 5 to 15...

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accounts for twenty percent of the incidence of leukemia in adults. The disease begins as a chronic low grade leukemia but frequently progresses to an accelerated transformation stage and then to blast crisis. The driving force behind CML is the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), a reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) which forms the BCR-ABL fusion gene. Although ...

This paper presents results from an integration project covering Danish models based on bottom-up and top-down approaches to energy]economy modelling. The purpose of the project was to identify theoretical and methodological problems for integrating existing models for Denmark and to implement an integration of the models. The integration was established through a number of links between energy...

Chromosomal analysis was carried out in bone marrow sample of an 11-year-old girl suspected of myeloproliferative disorder. Conventional G-banding study detected a complex three-way translocation involving 7, 9 and 22, which has resulted in the formation of a variant Philadelphia chromosome causing rearrangement of abl and bcr genes in 87% cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confir...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe for the identification of the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation [t(9;22) (q34;q11)] in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells was developed by inter-Alu-polymerase chain reaction of DNA from an interspecific somatic cell hybrid containing approximately 5 Mb of human DNA covering the ABL gene region on human chromosome 9q34. This probe was large enough t...

Variant Philadelphia chromosome translocations involving chromosomes other than 9 and 22 have been reported in 5-10% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). As part of the three-way variant t(9;22;11) in patients with CML, 11q24 is a novel region that has not previously been investigated. A 22-year-old male exhibiting chronic phase CML developed a recurrence of the same phase subsequen...

Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) is a high-risk acute leukemia with poor prognosis, in which the specific t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation results in a chimeric bcr-abl (e1a2 breakpoint) and in a 190 KD protein (p190) with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. The advent of first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) improved the short-term outcome of Ph+ ALL patient...