Sir, In their recent correspondence, Chu et al. noted the first observation of qnrA3 in salmonellae in Hong Kong, underlining the spread and diversity of plasmidic quinoloneresistance determinants worldwide. Such determinants now include qnrA1–5, qnrB and qnrS, some of which, at least, protect DNA gyrase, as well as the fluoroquinolone-acetylating variant of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme ...

High levels of pharmaceuticals, including fluoroquinolones (FQs), have been detected in the effluent from an Indian waste water treatment plant serving bulk drug production intended for the global market. Responses from short-term effluent exposure were studied in fish and rats through explorative analyses of hepatic mRNA abundance, enzyme activities and blood chemistry parameters. Exposure of ...

conclusions the high prevalence of quinolone resistance genes, which indicates antibiotic resistance, in the imam reza hospital of mashhad is a major concern. hence, the antibiotics prescription policy should be revised, and infection control measures should be improved. results eighty-six (43%) isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant. the pct identified 85 (42.5%) of 200 e. coli isolates as esbl...