we say that a finite group $g$ is conjugacy expansive if for anynormal subset $s$ and any conjugacy class $c$ of $g$ the normalset $sc$ consists of at least as many conjugacy classes of $g$ as$s$ does. halasi, mar'oti, sidki, bezerra have shown that a groupis conjugacy expansive if and only if it is a direct product ofconjugacy expansive simple or abelian groups.by considering a character analo...

This paper describes context-dependent substroke hidden Markov models (HMMs) for on-line handwritten recognition of cursive Kanji and Hiragana characters. As there are more than 6,000 distinctive characters including Kanji and Hiragana in Japanese, modeling each character by an HMM leads to an infeasible character-recognition system requiring huge amount of memory and enormous computation time....

Most theoretical models on evolution of male secondary sexual characters and female preferences for these characters suggest that the male characters evolve in response to female preferences that may themselves evolve in response to direct or indirect benefits of choice. In Drosophila montana (a species of the D. virilis group), females use male song in their mate choice, preferring males that ...

Research has found that animated characters are capable of capturing users’ attention, engaging them in active tasks, and entertaining them. Such capabilities are pedagogical techniques that might contribute to an effective comprehensible multimedia presentation. Quality of voice has also been shown to be an important determinant of comprehension. The current study examines the effects of anima...