in recent years, supplier evaluation and selection, an important element in supply chain management, has been gaining attention in both academic literature and industrial practice. the mixed integer multi-objective non-linear programming model (mimonlp) presented in this paper aimed to evaluate and select the appropriate set of suppliers considering quantitative and qualitative criteria and in ...

Problem statement: In most of the earlier inventory models, effect of inflation has been ignored, which is playing pilot role in present environment. In this article, we have proposed an economic order quantity model for deteriorating items having stock dependent demand (whose demand varies with the stock) under the effect of inflation. Approach: Firstly, problem is framed in the form of linear...

Over 90% of wireless mobile subscribers in emerging wireless markets such as India employ pay-as-you-go prepaid plans. In contrast, over 90% of subscribers in mature markets such as the US pick postpaid plans with long-term contracts. Indian wireless firms fret about this because prepaid consumers generally have low loyalty and generate lower average revenue per unit than postpaid consumers. Ho...

2. Offer Patient Discounts Only to Self-Pay Patients Discounts, such as prompt-pay and cash-up-front discounts, should not be given to insured patients in Wisconsin. Interestingly, the federal AKS allows legitimate discounts reflecting actual savings to the provider.5 However, such discounts would be considered a reduction or elimination of cost-sharing amounts, which are prohibited by Wis. Sta...

Supplier selection and allocation of optimal order quantity are two of the most important processes in closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) and reverse logistic (RL). So that providing high quality raw material is considered as a basic requirement for a manufacturer to produce popular products, as well as achieve more market shares. On the other hand, considering the existence of competitive environ...

This paper studied the different impacts of two compensation frames, “giving refunds” and “offering discounts”, on consumer’s perceived fairness in the recovery of online pricing error. We found that people perceived more fairness from a negative frame “offering discounts” than from a positive frame “giving refunds” in general. Then we introduced the regulatory fit theory to elucidate the compe...

We examine how short sale constraints on portfolio holdings affect closed-end fund (CEF) discounts and thereby provide evidence on the causal effect of limits to arbitrage on asset mispricing. Using Regulation SHO as a natural experiment that relaxes shortsale constraints on pilot stocks, we find that discounts of CEFs holding more pilot stocks decrease relative to CEFs holding fewer pilot stoc...

This paper considered a single-item, three-echelon (supplier, retailer, and customer) inventory problem. At random times, the supplier offers the retailer a discount. The inter-arrival times of discounts are exponentially distributed. For the retailer, whether or not to take a discount offer depends on its inventory level. If inventory is below threshold level S, the retailer will order to repl...

This paper uses laboratory methods to evaluate whether price-fixing conspiracies break down in the presence of opportunities to offer secret discounts. The primary treatment difference is whether or not buyer-specific discounts from the posted list price are permitted. In standard posted-offer markets, conspiring sellers are able to find and maintain near-monopoly prices. But when the possibili...