Natural selection operating on amino acid substitution at single amino acid sites can be detected by comparing the rates of synonymous (r(S)) and nonsynonymous (r(N)) nucleotide substitution at single codon sites. Amino acid substitutions can be classified as conservative or radical according to whether they retain the properties of the substituted amino acid. Here methods for comparing the rat...

The functionalization and cross-linking of polyethylene is synthetically challenging, commonly relying on highly optimized radical based postpolymerization strategies. To address these difficulties, a norbornene monomer containing Meldrum's acid is shown to be effectively copolymerized with polyethylene using a nickel α-iminocarbaxamidato complex, providing high-melting, semicrystalline polymer...

The therapeutic potential of leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum was screened for in vitro antioxidant potential and alpha amylase inhibitory action. Antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity by Fenton reaction, free radical scavenging by hydrogen peroxide scavenging and superoxide scavenging potential. The in vitro alpha amylase inhibition acti...

It is known that ring and semigroup theories have evolved many similar methods. The exchange of ideas between these theories has enriched both of them. Among ring concepts transfered to semigroups, the notion of a radical deserves mentioning. The analogy with radicals of rings suggests that semigroup radicals may be applicable in studying the structure of semigroups. On the other hand, many str...

The present study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant activities of the various fractions of the hydromethanolic extract of the leaves of Coccinia grandis L. Voigt. (Cucurbitaceae). The antioxidant activities of the fractions have been evaluated by using nine in vitro assays and were compared to standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, curcumin and butylated hydroxy...