Although halogen radicals are recognized to form as products of hydroxyl radical ((•)OH) scavenging by halides, their contribution to the phototransformation of marine organic compounds has received little attention. We demonstrate that, relative to freshwater conditions, seawater halides can increase photodegradation rates of domoic acid, a marine algal toxin, and dimethyl sulfide, a volatile ...

Escherichia coli endonuclease VIII (endo VIII) was identified as an enzyme that, like endonuclease III (endo III), removes radiolysis products of thymine including thymine glycol, dihydrothymine, beta-ureidoisobutyric acid, and urea from double-stranded plasmid or phage DNA and cleaves the DNA strand at abasic (AP) sites (Melamede, R. J., Hatahet, Z., Kow, Y. W., Ide., H., and Wallace, S. S. (1...

The pulse radiolysis of N(2)O saturated aqueous solutions of KSCN was studied under neutral pH conditions. The observed optical absorption spectrum of the SCN(*) radical in solution is more complex than previously reported, but it is in good agreement with that measured in the gas phase. Kinetic traces at 330 and 472 nm corresponding to SCN(*) and (SCN)(2)(*-), respectively, were fit using a Mo...

At the Argonne Chemistry Division efforts are underway to develop a sub-picosecond electron beam pulse radiolysis facility for chemical studies. The target output of the accelerator is to generate electron pulses that can be adjusted from 3nC in .6ps to 100nC in 45ps. In conjunction with development of the accelerator a stateof-the-art ultrafast laser system is under construction that will driv...

Radiolysis of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was investigated in aqueous samples with different initial conditions: [SMX]0 (20 μM ÷ 140 μM), pH0 (2.0 ÷ 11.0), [H2O2]0 (0 ÷ 10 mM) and absorbed doses (D, 0.3 kGy ÷ 5.0 kGy). Five transformation products (TPs) of SMX were experimentally identified and evaluated using HPLC/UV and LC-QTOF-MS, respectively. Compared to the precursor SMX, they possess higher p...

Radiation sterilisation is a promising method to sterilise pharmaceutical products. However, this process is accompanied by a modification of odour due to volatile compounds formation. The origin of malodorous compounds produced during solid cefotaxime radiosterilisation has been investigated and several mechanisms are proposed to explain their appearance. Moreover, some quantitative data are g...

The formal C1'-oxidation product, 2-deoxyribonolactone, is formed as a result of DNA damage induced via a variety of agents, including gamma-radiolysis and the enediyne antitumor antibiotics. This alkaline labile lesion may also be an intermediate during DNA damage induced by copper-phenanthroline. Oligo-nucleotides containing this lesion at a defined site were formed via aerobic photolysis of ...

Gas-phase and solid-state chemistry in low-temperature interstellar clouds cores leads to a D/H enhancement ices, which is eventually inherited by comets, meteorites, even planetary satellites. Hence, the D/ H ratio has been widely used as tracer for origins of extraterrestrial chemistry. However, can also be influenced cosmic rays, are ubiquitous penetrate dense molecular cores. The effects su...

Numerous additives are used in the electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries, especially for formation an efficient solid electrolyte interphase at surface electrodes. Understanding degradation processes these compounds is thus important; they can be seen through radiolysis. In case fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), picosecond pulse radiolysis experiments evidenced FEC.- . This radical stabilized nea...