We study bend loss in chalcogenide negative curvature fibers with different polarizations, different tube wall thicknesses, and different bend directions relative to the mode polarization. The coupling between the core mode and tube modes induces bend loss peaks in the two non-degenerate modes at the same bend radius. There is as much as a factor of 28 difference between the losses of the two p...

A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to track light rays in cylindrical multimode fibres by ray optics. The trapping efficiencies for skew and meridional rays in active fibres and distributions of characteristic quantities for all trapped light rays have been calculated. The simulation provides new results for curved fibres, where the analytical expressions are too complex to be solved. ...

In this article, we have performed calculations for studying the stability of the carbon group elements such as Si and Ge and also the magnetic elements like Fe and Co via first principle investigations. We found that Si and Ge decoupled from the interior surface of carbon nanotubes, this fact was independent in curvature, radius, conductivity and numbers of atoms in the carbon nanotubes. But t...

Haptic exploration is a complex sensory/motor activity involving a high number of degrees of freedom, multiple sensing modalities, and integration of sensory information over space and time. Lederman and Klatzky created a taxonomy of “Exploratory Procedures” which are stereotyped hand and finger movements which people preferentially use to make specific sensory discriminations and object identi...

The distance from self-intersection of a (smooth and either closed or infinite) curve q in three dimensions can be characterised via the global radius of curvature at q(s), which is defined as the smallest possible radius amongst all circles passing through the given point and any two other points on the curve. The minimum value of the global radius of curvature along the curve gives a convenie...

Helical coil heat exchangers are widely used in industrial applications ranging fromcryogenic processes, air-conditioning, and nuclear reactors to waste heat recovery due totheir compact size and high heat transfer coefficient. In this kind of heat exchangers, flowand heat transfer are complicated. This paper reports a numerical investigation of theinfluence of different parameters such as coil...

Physical properties of fruits and vegetables are the subject of many researches because of its importance in designing of agricultural machinery. Banana fruit is one of important fruit. In this study some physical properties of banana fruit (Cavendish variety) were determined. Properties which were measured included weight of whole fruit peel and pulp weight, dimensions, surface area and projec...

The aim of this paper is to present a new method based on numeric calculus to provide data on any type of root canal curvature at any point of the long axis of the canal. Twenty severely curved, simulated root canals were prepared with rotary FlexMaster and Profile instruments in the crown-down technique and manually in the step-back technique. The inner and outer curvatures were registered in ...