This paper presents the experimental results of rain rate and rain attenuation measurements on six terrestrial microwave links in tropical Malaysia. The rain attenuation data were collected from six DIGI MINI-LINKs (DiGi Telecommunications Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia) operating at 15 GHz with 99.95 % availability. The experimental results were compared with th...

This paper investigates the benefits of integrating coarse resolution satellite-derived precipitation estimates with quasi-point rain gauge data for generating a fine spatial resolution precipitation map product. To integrate the two precipitation data sources, a geostatistical downscaling and integration approach is presented that can account for the differences in spatial resolution between d...

The rendering of photorealistic rain has been previously studied for monoscopic viewing. We extend the monoscopic statistical rain models to simulate the behavior and distribution of falling rain for stereo viewing. Our goal is to be able to render in real-time frame rates. In this investigation we ignore the complex issues of scene illumination and concentrate on the parameters that produce a ...

rain is one of the manifestations of the divine blessing for servants which plays a very important role in the life of this human being. man has paid special attention to rain since he stepped on earth. many poets have described rain, used it in their similes and composed poetry out of it. they have used rain as a symbol together with other symbols such as woman, praise, battleground and so man...

Past experiences with ERS and Topex/Poseidon altimeter data have shown that rain can significantly alter the quality of altimeter measurements (dynamic heights, significant wave heights, wind speed) [1][2][3][4]. Among all the different atmospheric phenomena which can affect the altimeter measurement, rain is one of the less well understood and at present no reliable correction can be made for ...

The signal propagation at the frequencies above 10 GHz suffers from significant attenuation due to rain, which in case of point-to-multipoint systems is unlikely to be compensated for by available fade margin alone. For this reason and especially thanks to the non-uniform spatial distribution of the rain rate, it is suitable to utilize site diversity concept during planning of point-to-multipoi...

Pure water has a pH of 7.0 (neutral); however, natural, unpolluted rainwater actually has a pH of about 5.6 (acidic).[Recall from Experiment 1 that pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration.] The acidity of rainwater comes from the natural presence of three substances (CO2, NO, and SO2) found in the troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere). As is seen in Table I, carbon dio...

Gamma model parameters using 2nd, 3rd and 4th moments are calculated from the drop size data of Singapore. The gamma model is simplified into two parameter model by finding a relation between the shape and slope parameters, μ and Λ. Due to the poor correlation found between μ and Λ, the drop size data is filtered based on their rain rates before a good correlation between the two parameters can...

The authors develop and apply an algorithm to define coherent areas of precipitation, emphasizing mesoscale convection, and compare properties of these areas with observations obtained from NCEP stage-IV precipitation analyses (gauge and radar combined). In Part II, fully explicit 12–36-h forecasts of rainfall from the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) are evaluated. These forecasts ...

Rain removal from a single image is a challenge which has been studied for a long time. In this paper, a novel convolutional neural network based on wavelet and dark channel is proposed. On one hand, we think that rain streaks correspond to high frequency component of the image. Therefore, haar wavelet transform is a good choice to separate the rain streaks and background to some extent. More s...