rock chutes are natural river training structures and are efficient energy dissipaters too. from the hydraulic and environmental point of view, rock chutes have become important structures in the natural river morphology. a physical study was conducted and flow properties were measured over rough bed materials of a rock chute, which was assembled at the pitlab center of the university of pisa, ...

(La0.5,Sr0.5)CoO3 (LSCO) ®lms were prepared by a sol-gel method on silica grown by various methods such as thermal oxidation, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a wetting agent to improve the surface wetting behavior of the LSCO precursor solution onto the silica. The surface wetting o...

Traffic congestion usually occurs at freeway merges due to the inequality of lane numbers upstream and downstream. The entry, defined as on-ramp, is main cause this irregularity in order clarify its effect, three are investigated study with macroscopic flow parameters where a variety geometric properties present. In each merge, when capacity achieved downstream, on-ramp flows determined relatio...

In this paper, we present a novel switching traffic-responsive ramp-metering controller that adapts to the different traffic dynamics under different congestion conditions—free-flow or congested. The approach of multirate linear quadratic control with integral action (LQI) is employed to compensate for disturbances and to accommodate the difference between the model sampling time and the meteri...

Unlimited access to a motorway network can, in overloaded conditions, cause a loss of capacity. Ramp metering (signals on slip roads to control access to the motorway) can help avoid this loss of capacity. The design of ramp metering strategies has several features in common with the design of access control mechanisms in communication networks. Inspired by models and rate control mechanisms de...

This paper proposes a nonlinear approach for designing traffic responsive and coordinated ramp control using a self adapting fuzzy system. The traffic responsive metering rate is determined every minute by an adaptive fuzzy logic algorithm. The coordination between multiple on-ramps is ensured by the integration of a common input into all ramp controllers upstream of a bottleneck and a periodic...

The effects of prior moderate- and prior heavy-intensity exercise on the subsequent metabolic response to incremental exercise were examined. Healthy, young adult subjects (n = 8) performed three randomized plantar-flexion exercise tests: 1) an incremental exercise test (approximately 0.6 W/min) to volitional fatigue (Ramp); 2) Ramp preceded by 6 min of moderate-intensity, constant-load exercis...

41 42 Nav1.3 voltage-gated sodium channels have been shown to be expressed at increased levels 43 within axotomized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and within injured axons within neuromas and 44 have been implicated in neuropathic pain. Like a number of other sodium channel isoforms, Nav1.3 45 channels produce a robust response to slow ramplike stimuli. Here we show that the response of Nav...

One of the major criticisms of ramp-metering has been the delay caused on the ramps because of the queues created by ramp control strategies. However, recently, several researchers proposed strategies that explicitly take into account ramp queues when determining metering rates. In this paper, an isolated “feedback” based ramp-metering strategy using modeling is presented. In addition to the re...