(2008). Sexually dimorphic activation of the periaqueductal gray-rostral ventromedial medullary circuit during the development of morphine tolerance in the rat. ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that tolerance develops to a greater degree in male compared to female rats. The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), and its descending projections to the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), provides...

In robotic radiotherapy, systematic latencies have to be compensated by prediction of external optical surrogates. We investigate possibilities to increase the prediction accuracy using multi-modal sensors. The measurement setup includes position, acceleration, strain and flow sensors. To select the most relevant and least redundant information from the sensors and to limit the size of the feat...

A vortex boundary element method is developed for the grid-free simulation of time-dependent , incompressible, viscous ow in three-dimensional conngurations. The numerical scheme is based on a combination of the Lagrangian vortex method to capture the convection and stretch of the vortical eld, the random walk method to describe the diiusion process, and the boundary element method to impose th...

We present a systematic study of the topology of the vortex solid phase in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 samples with low doses of columnar defects. A new state of vortex matter imposed by the presence of geometrical contours associated with the random distribution of columns is found. The results show that the first-order liquid-solid transition in this vortex matter does not require a structu...

In the adult mammalian brain, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is critically involved in long-term synaptic plasticity. Here, we show that supraspinal BDNF-tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling contributes to pain facilitation. We show that BDNF-containing neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the central structure for pain modulation, project to and release BDNF in the rostra...

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are important links in a neuronal network that modulates nociceptive transmission. In the RVM, 2 classes of cells have been identified that show changes in activity at the time of the tail-flick response (TF) elicited by noxious heat (Fields et al., 1983a). We now report that neurons in the PAG region also show ch...

ABSTRACT The diverse polarization properties in pulsars are conflict with applying a unique emission mechanism to the population. position angle (PPA) traverse most shows an S-shaped curve that can be interpreted using rotating vector model (RVM) as radio being directed either parallel or perpendicular divergent magnetic field lines and argues for coherent curvature radiation from charge bunche...

Pain modulating neurons of the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) include three physiologically distinct classes of neurons in intact, anesthetized animals: and cells that change their activity before the onset of withdrawal reflexes and cells, which have activity unrelated to withdrawal reflexes. A previous in vitro intracellular study demonstrated that the RVM contains two types of neurons th...

The modulatory effects of electrical and chemical (glutamate) stimulation in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) on spinal nociceptive transmission and a spinal nociceptive reflex were studied in rats. Electrical stimulation at a total 86 sites in the RVM in the medial raphe nuclei (n = 54) and adjacent gigantocellular areas (n = 32) produced biphasic (facilitatory and inhibitory, n = 43) or...