We report a contraction-expansion array (CEA) microchannel for rapidly and homogeneously mixing different types of fluids by multivortex induced in alternately formed rectangular structures of the channel. Rapid mixing can be achieved in a topologically simple and easily fabricated CEA microchannel, employing a synergetic combination of two kinds of vortices: (1) expansion-vortices being induce...

OBJECTIVE Clinicians who treat children with type 1 diabetes often try to minimize the number of daily injections to reduce treatment burden and improve compliance. Despite the manufacturer's cautions against mixing glargine with rapid-acting insulin analogs, clinical studies have failed to demonstrate deleterious effects of mixing on glucose excursions or A1C levels. However, no formal glucose...

We demonstrate that thiouredopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate (TUPS), a photoactivatable reagent, can rapidly inject electrons into complex redox enzymes, enabling studies of the kinetics of internal electron that are not accessible using conventional rapid mixing, stopped-flow methods.

Recursively-constructed couplings have been used in the past for mixing on trees. We show how to extend this technique to non-tree-like graphs such as lattices. Using this method, we obtain the following general result. Suppose that G is a triangle-free graph and that for some Δ ≥ 3, the maximum degree of G is at most Δ. We show that the spin system consisting of q-colourings of G has strong sp...

The toxicity of an acid mine drainage (AMD) mixing zone was investigated by placing bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) at the confluence of a stream contaminated by AMD and a stream having neutral pH. A mixing channel receiving water from both streams was assembled in the field, during July and October 1996, to determine the toxicity of freshly mixed and aged water (2.9-7.5 min). The AMD stream had...

BACKGROUND Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator used primarily in the critical care setting for patients concurrently supported by invasive or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. NO delivery devices interface with ventilator breathing circuits to inject NO in proportion with the flow of air/oxygen through the circuit, in order to maintain a constant, target conc...

The mixing of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in a magnetic micro-mixer was studied numerically using  ferrofluid. The mixing process was performed in a three-dimensional steady-state micro-mixer. A magnetic source was mounted at the entrance of the micro-channel to oscillate the magnetic particles. The effects of electric current, inlet velocity, size of magnetic particles, and non-Newtonia...