Abstract Cooperative social behaviors, such as parental care, have long been hypothesized to relax selection leading the accumulation of genetic variation in populations. Although idea has discussed for decades, there relatively little experimental work investigate how behavior contributes Here, we care can shape molecular subsocial insect, Nicrophorus vespilloides. Using whole-genome sequencin...

preaxial polydactyly is the most common duplication pattern in white and asian populations (1). it is a congenital anomaly with a wide range of manifestations .current classification do not have the capacity to classify all different types of radial polydactyly. we describe here a very rare and unusual case of bilateral preaxial polydactyly (triplication) in a woman and report the operations re...

orf, also known as contagious pustular dermatitis, is anexanthemous disease caused by a parapox virus. it is usuallya benign locally self‑limiting illness; it can have systemiccomplication or progressive infected locations can include thefinger, hand, arm, and face. development of erythema multiformefollowing orf infection is very rare. in islamic populations suchas those of iran, orf can be ob...

21:89-110 Natural Areas Journal ABSTRACT: Southeastern United States habitats dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palus t r i s Miller) and associated plant species have declined dangerously. Conservation of rare and common plants of longleaf pine habitats may be aided by starting new populations in the field. We review methods for initiating plant populations and integrate information from our s...

factor v (fv) deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder (rbd) that inherit in autosomal recessive manner. diagnosis of fv deficiency (fvd) is made by routine coagulation tests, fv activity and molecular analysis. in patients with fvd, routine coagulation tests including activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt), prothrombin time (pt) and evenbleeding time (bt) are prolongedwhile thrombin time (...

Populations in heterotic equilibrium show a greater percentage decrease than populations in mutational equilibrium, but the difference is very small for rare genes. Mortality and morbidity data on inbred offspring from consanguineous marriages cannot distinguish genes in one type of equilibrium from those in another. The current concept of genetic load is based on artefacts rather than on inher...

To overcome the unattractiveness of small markets, the United States govemment provides financial aid and incentives for drug manufacturers to create cures for rare diseases under the Orphan Drug Act ("the Act").' Recent research integrating genetic information and pharmacology holds promise for creating more effective drugs targeted at smaller populations than ever before. In the near future, ...

In this paper we propose a method to estimate by maximum likelihood the divergence time between two populations, specifically designed for the analysis of nonrecurrent rare mutations. Given the rapidly growing amount of data, rare disease mutations affecting humans seem the most suitable candidates for this method. The estimator RD, and its conditional version RDc, were derived, assuming that t...

Owing to habitat loss populations of many organisms have declined and become fragmented. Vertebrate conservation strategies routinely consider genetic factors, but their importance in invertebrate populations is poorly understood. Bumblebees are important pollinators, and many species have undergone dramatic declines. As monoandrous social hymenopterans they may be particularly susceptible to i...