Introduction The rate of lengthening has a profound impact on bone formation during distraction osteogenesis. At optimal rates of distraction, palisades of well-vascularized woven bone fill the distraction gap. However, rapid distraction leads to the formation of granulation tissue, fibrocartilage, and cysts, resulting in nonunion. Previous research has demonstrated that rapid rates of distract...

-Previous studies have shown that various amine hormones are able to influence the growth rate of human colorectal carcinomas propagated as xenografts in immune-deprived mice, and it is now well known that the effects of many amine and other hormones are mediated by cyclic nucleotides, acting as second messengers within cells. In the present study the influence of various derivatives of cyclic ...

Mammary carcinogenesis in the C3H mouse involves a complex interaction of viral, genetic, and hormonal factors, and this experimental model for breast cancer has been the subject of extensive investigation. Hormonal factors may be important both in the neoplastic transformation (6) and in the regulation of the rate of tumor growth (9). Previous studies demonstrated that cell proliferation in C3...

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the mucosal tissue of rat small intestine and the apoptosis of epithelial cells in the small intestine in a cold-restraint stress state. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TGF-β1. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of rat colostrum and mature milk on newborn rat gastrointestinal growth under conditions that controlled the possible confounding effects of energy intake and mode of feeding. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rat pups were tubefed equicaloric amounts of rat colostrum or mature rat milk for 40 h before they were killed. Compared to littermates that were...