Motivated by the challenge of identifying intruder ions in a cold ion crystal, we investigate calorimetry from emitted fluorescence light. Under continuous Doppler cooling, crystal reaches temperature equilibrium with fixed level intensity and any change motional energy results modification this intensity. We theoretically determine rate an as function temperature, assuming that laser light is ...

owing to elastic and viscous characteristics embedded rubber compounds, the dissipated energy from periodic deformation is converted into heat generation and consequently, the tire may have different body temperatures for different operating conditions. in most performed investigations, just temperature distribution is considered and the mechanical behaviour of rubber parts which are highly tem...

Stomatal conductance is coupled to leaf photosynthetic rate over a broad range of environmental conditions. We have investigated the extent to which chloroplasts in guard cells may contribute to this coupling through their photosynthetic activity. Guard cells were isolated by sonication of abaxial epidermal peels of Vicia faba. The electrochromic band shift of isolated guard cells was probed in...

Passive solar systems such as solar chimneys need solar radiation in order to work. Therefore, they cannot present stable natural ventilation when solar energy vanishes: to have a more robust and stable condition, solar energy should be stored during the day and released back during the night. Phase change materials can save additional thermal energy during the day and release it during the...

Friction converts kinetic energy at sliding interfaces into lattice vibrations, but the detailed mechanisms of this process remain unresolved. Atomic force microscopy measurements reveal that changing the mass of the terminating atoms on a surface, and thus their vibrational frequencies, affects nanoscale friction substantially. We compared hydrogen- and deuterium-terminated single-crystal diam...