Laser pulses with energies of as much as 1 mJ were generated at a wavelength of 46.9 nm by single-pass amplification in a 34.5 cm-long Ne-like Ar capillary discharge plasma. The large gain-length product of this plasma column allows for soft-x-ray amplification in a highly saturated regime, resulting in efficient energy extraction. Average laser output pulse energy of 0.88 mJ and peak power of ...

In this paper, channel capacity of multiple-input multiple-output ultra-wide band (MIMO-UWB) systems with single co-channel interference (CCI) is calculated. A ray-tracing approach is used to calculate wanted channel frequency response, and the channel frequency response is further used to calculate corresponding channel capacity. By the ray-tracing approach, two different antenna arrays are ap...

We calculate optimal driving motions for a fin ray in a two-dimensional inviscid fluid, which is a model for caudal fin locomotion. The driving is sinusoidal in time, and consists of heaving, pitching and a less-studied motion called ‘shifting’. The optimal phases of shifting relative to heaving and pitching for maximum thrust power and efficiency are calculated. The optimal phases undergo jump...

In a more realistic indoor environment we demonstrate the use of the ray tracing method to predict the capacity of a multiple input multiple output(MIMO) indoor wireless communication systems. The channel response for 4 by 4 MIMO systems located inside an office environment operating at 5.2 GHz is constructed by using Wireless InSite, ray tracing simulation tool. The uniform linear array(ULA) a...

We present evidence from BeppoSAX and XMM-Newton of extreme X-ray variability in the high luminosity radio-quiet quasar PDS 456, the most luminous known AGN at z < 0.3. Repeated X-ray flaring is found in PDS 456, over the duration of the 340 ksec long BeppoSAX observation. The X-ray flux doubles in just 30 ksec, whilst the total energy output of the flaring events is as high as 10 51 erg. Under...

background: social capital causes promoting community members’ participation level as set of norms among community systems. we aimed to determination between perceived social capital with relevant factors among health workers in medical and health network of rey city.   methods: this study was a cross sectional one which assessed determination between social capital and relevant factors among h...

background: panoramic imaging is one of the most common imaging methods in dentistry. regarding the side-effects of ionizing radiation, it is necessary to survey different aspects and details of panoramic imaging. in this study, we compared the absorbed x-ray dose around two panoramic x-ray units: pm 2002 cc proline (planmeca, helsinki, finland) and cranex tome (soredex, helsinki, finland). mat...

An x-ray imaging system, using digital subtraction techniques, has been developed. The system requires: (1) high output generation equipment; (2) an image intensifier capable of receiving high output exposures, 1 mR (2.58 X 10(-7) C/kg) at the face of the intensifier, without loss of either contrast or resolution; (3) a precision digital video camera; (4) processing computer with sufficient sto...

For creating stimuli in the laboratory, digital light projection (DLP) technology has the potential to overcome the low output luminance, lack of pixel independence, and limited chromaticity gamut of the cathode ray tube (CRT). We built a DLP-based stimulator for projecting patterns on the in vitro primate retina. The DLP produces high light levels and has good contrast. Spatial performance was...

An image based ray-tracing approach is utilized to predict the capacity of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) indoor wireless communication system. The results are compared to measured capacity and path loss values. The sensitivity of the spectrum efficiency estimation to physical propagation parameters such as electric permeability and conductivity of the transmission and reflection walls...