Shortcut connections are a popular architectural feature of multi-layer perceptrons. It is generally assumed that by implementing a linear submapping, shortcuts assist the learning process in the remainder of the network. Here we find that this is not always the case: shortcut weights may also act as distractors that slow down convergence and can lead to inferior solutions. This problem can be ...

We show a computationally efficient approximation (cf. [1]) of a full analogy model [2, 3], implemented in a computer program, and tested on the CoNLL2000 chunk tagging task [4], putting clause boundaries around mainly np and vp phrases. Our implementation showed to be competitive with other memory based learners. It deviates only slightly from the theoretical model. First, it implements a vers...

OBJECTIVES With an increasing number of studies highlighting regional social capital (SC) as a determinant of health, many studies are using multi-level analysis with merged and averaged scores of community residents' survey responses calculated from community SC data. Sufficient examination is required to validate if the merged and averaged data can represent the community. Therefore, this stu...

In single-step analyses, missing genotypes are explicitly or implicitly imputed, and this requires centering the observed genotypes using the means of the unselected founders. If genotypes are only available for selected individuals, centering on the unselected founder mean is not straightforward. Here, computer simulation is used to study an alternative analysis that does not require centering...

Introduction. WaveOne is a single endodontic instrument that reciprocates with a dedicated motor to shape root canal systems. The present study assessed the centering ability of this simplified protocol along with the effect of experience in simulated plastic canals. Methods. One experienced operator shaped two groups of simulated canals. Groups 1 and 3 each comprised 30 blinded L-shaped canals...

In the process of tightening up and screwing off the iron roughneck, it is required that the center of clamping pliers and the center of drill pipe are coincident, so as to avoid the damage of the circular guide in clamping system, and to ensure the iron roughneck work normally. While the traditional method of centering is artificial in iron roughneck, its precision is low, so it is easy to dam...