Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Control of infection after a failed two-stage TKA is not always possible, and the resolution of infection may require an above-knee amputation (AKA) or a the-knee (KF). The purpose of this review is to determine which treatment method (AKA or KF) yields better function and ambulatory status for patients...

Mild discolouration of the articular cartilage is known to gradually occur during aging. However, pathological tissue pigmentation is occasionally induced under several specific conditions. In the present case, we performed total knee replacement in a patient with recurrent haemarthrosis. However, during the operation, we observed severe black colouration of the knee articular cartilage, due to...

We report a case of an angioleiomyoma occurring in a 40-year-old Kenyan female. The patient presented with recurrent pain and a soft tissue swelling at the posteromedial aspect of her right knee. Angioleiomyomas are benign soft tissue tumours, which occur most commonly in the skin of the lower extremities in middle-aged females. They very rarely occur in the knee and are treated curatively with...

We present a patient with an arteriovenous fistula of the peroneal artery acquired after a left dome tibial osteotomy with midshaft fibular osteotomy. He had subsequently had a total knee replacement on that side. The arteriovenous malformation was only diagnosed when he represented with symptoms and signs of venous hypertension with sterile recurrent haemarthroses in the left knee. Percutaneou...

Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a qualitative platelet function disorder manifested by skin bleeds, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematuria, hemarthrosis, intracranial hemorrhage and visceral hematomas. We report a six day old newborn presenting with hematuria following suprapubic aspiration, who was diagnosed as Glanzmann thrombasthenia. We believe it to be the younges...

Case report of a female patient of 26 years who complained of pain and recurrent episodes of joint swelling in his left knee about 10 years ago. After anamnesis, physical examination and radiographic imaging and magnetic resonance were diagnosed with arborescent lipoma of the knee, and the patient underwent arthroscopic treatment for resection of the lesion. Postoperatively the patient was refe...

Although necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive infection, recurrent NF is very rare. Herein we report a rare case of recurrent NF due to Streptococcus pyogenes. A 12-year-old female with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) type IV presented with fever and swelling on her left knee. NF was diagnosed and she was treated successfully. Two years later she was readmitted...

Injection of autologous blood into rabbit joints induces an inflammatory reaction with Maltese cross-like birefringent spherulites. Similar microspherules seen in human joint fluids may be formed by lipids derived from breakdown of erythrocytes and other cells.

The gross and light microscopical changes that occur in the synovial membrane in human chronic haemarthrosis are well documented (Key, 1932; Ghormley and Clegg, 1948; Collins, 1951; De Palma and Cotler, 1956; Rodnan, Brower, Hellstrom, Didisheim, and Lewis, 1959) and virtually every change seen in man has been reproduced in the experimental animal (Key, 1929; Young and Hudacek, 1954; Wolf and M...

The management of osteoarthritis of the knee associated with patellar instability secondary to external tibial torsion > 45 degrees is challenging. Patellofemoral biomechanics in these patients cannot be achieved by intra-articular correction using standard techniques of total knee replacement. We reviewed seven patients (eight knees) with recurrent patellar dislocation and one with bilateral i...