BACKGROUND Approximately half recurrent miscarriage (RM) cases remain unexplained after standard investigations. Secondary RM (SRM) is, in contrast to primary RM, preceded by a birth, which increases the transfer of fetal cells into the maternal circulation. Mothers of boys are often immunized against male-specific minor histocompatibility (H-Y) antigens, and H-Y immunity can cause graft-versus...

The aim of this study was to determine whether bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss. A total of 500 consecutive patients attending the Recurrent Miscarriage Clinic were screened for the presence of BV. In women who had had at least one late miscarriage BV was found twice as commonly (27/130; 21%) as in women who had had only early losses (31/370; 8%)...

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is estimated to occur in 2.5% of women trying conceive. Definition RPL varies depending on used guideline. In Europe, defined as two or more lost pregnancies before 24 weeks’ gestation. Although many factors have been associated with a higher risk recurrent miscarriage, the aetiology unknown about half cases. Several related loss, such as: environmental, behaviora...

The development of pregnancy is possible due to initiation of immune response in the body of the mother resulting in immune tolerance. Miscarriage may be caused by the impaired maternal immune response to paternal alloantigens located on the surface of trophoblast and fetal cells. The aim of the study was to compare the population of circulating dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulat...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have described an association between sperm with DNA damage and a history of recurrent miscarriage (RM), although it is not clear whether there is benefit in screening for sperm DNA fragmentation and to what extent DNA fragmentation impacts upon RM. AIMS To identify what proportion of couples experiencing RM are affected by DNA fragmentation abnormalities. MATERI...