Recurrent miscarriages are characterized as three or more spontaneous abortions in a row before the 20th week. In majority of instances, genetic factors, immunological and endocrine infection, unknown causes most common first trimester abortion. Hormonal therapy, heparin injection, immunotherapy available treatments. this case study, patient had during trimester. Because all tests came out norm...

Introduction: One factor known to cause thrombophilia in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is C677T polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. This study aimed to determine the association between RSA and MTHFR C677T polymorphism in Iranian patients. Methods: In this case-control study, 30 patients with previous history of two or more consecutive unexpla...

The objective of this study was to compare the concentrations of Th1 (IFN-γ , TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4,IL-10) cytokines in the serum of normal pregnant and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) women in 1st trimester as well as in the normal fertile non pregnant women. In RSA women there was a significant increasing in the mean concentration of Th1 cytokines (TNFα and IFNγ) as well as in Th1/TH2 tha...

OBJECTIVES IL-35 is a novel inhibitory cytokine. In this study, we investigate the serum levels of inhibitory cytokines IL-35, IL-10 and TGF-β in both normal pregnancies and non-pregnant females, and whether IL-35 is associated with the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion. We also try to elucidate the relationships of IL-35 with estrogen and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). METHODS The lev...

objective(s)distinction of hydatidiform moles from non-molar specimens and subclassification of hydatidiform moles as complete and partial are important for clinical practice, but diagnosis based solely on histomorphology suffers from poor interobserver reproducibility. nowadays, pathologists rely on molecular techniques, however these methods are technically difficult, relatively expensive, an...

background: differential diagnosis between complete hydatidiform mole, partial hydatidiform mole and hydropic abortion, known as hydropic placentas is still a challenge for pathologists but it is very important for patient management. objective: we analyzed the nuclear dna content of various types of hydropic placentas by flowcytometry. materials and methods: dna ploidy analysis was performed i...

background: spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rarely occurs during pregnancy and is usually associated with high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin, in conditions such as molar or multifetal pregnancies. case report: here we report spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation in a patient presenting with missed abortion at 16th week of gestation, when serum ß-subunit human chorionic gon...

recurrent abortion is a critical problem in which many factors play a crucial role such as anticordiolipin antibody and antiphospholipid antibody. this study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of anticardiolipin antibody and antiphospholipid antibody in pregnancy failures in women with the history of recurrent pregnancy loss. in 154 women with the history of two or more recurrent pregnancy...

Spontaneous abortions (abortion up to 22 weeks of gestation since the last menstrual cycle or with a fetal weight less than 500.0 g) occur in 15-20% total number registered pregnancies. The incidence miscarriages increases 15% women under 25 and 35% more over 38. Causes can be divided into two categories: those which associated chromosomal abnormalities disruption intrauterine environment.Some ...

OBJECTIVES Spontaneous abortion is one of the most important complications of pregnancy with short and long adverse psychological effects on women. This study assesses the implications of a spontaneous abortion history has on women's psychiatric symptoms and pregnancy distress in subsequent pregnancy less than one years after spontaneous abortion. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on...