Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral, analytical expression of average intensity for a vortex cosine hyperbolic-Gaussian beam (vChGB) propagating in oceanic turbulence is derived detail. From formula, propagation properties vChGB turbulence, including distribution and spreading, are discussed with numerical examples. It shown that influences strongly beam. The may propagat...

Pine Island Glacier (PIG) terminates in a rapidly melting ice shelf, and ocean circulation and temperature are implicated in the retreat and growing contribution to sea level rise of PIG and nearby glaciers. However, the variability of the ocean forcing of PIG has been poorly constrained due to a lack of multi-year observations. Here we show, using a unique record close to the Pine Island Ice S...

The inaccessibility of open ocean habitat and the cryptic nature of small animals are fundamental problems when assessing the distribution of oceanic-stage sea turtles and other marine animals sharing similar life-history traits. Most methods that estimate patterns of abundance cannot be applied in situations that are extremely data limited. Here, we use a movement ecology framework to generate...

Recent observational surveys have shown significant oceanic bottom-water warming. However, the mechanisms causing such warming remain poorly understood, and their time scales are uncertain. Here, we report computer simulations that reveal a fast teleconnection between changes in the surface air-sea heat flux off the Adélie Coast of Antarctica and the bottom-water warming in the North Pacific. I...

In the Indian Ocean, salty water masses from Persian Gulf and Red Sea are important sources of salt, heat, nutrients. Across Arabian Sea, these outflows impact human biological activities, their thermohaline characteristics shapes exhibiting spatial seasonal variability. The knowledge properties is to validate realistic simulations Ocean. A classical approach study track them on specific isopyc...

Atmospheric mercury (Hg) in the Arctic shows much weaker or insignificant annual declines relative to northern midlatitudes over the past decade (2000–2009) but with strong seasonality in trends. We use a global ocean-atmosphere model of Hg (GEOS-Chem) to simulate these observed trends and determine the driving environmental variables. The atmospheric decline at northern midlatitudes can largel...

[1] Glaciers which drain the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) into the Amundsen Sea are accelerating and thinning rapidly. These observations have been attributed to the regional oceanography whereby heat contained within Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) drives the basal melting of floating glaciers. On the basis of new data we calculate that 2.8 terra-Watts (10) of oceanic heat flow onto the contin...

The coupled ocean–atmosphere–ice response to variations in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is examined in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Coupled Climate Model (version 2). The model shows considerable skill in capturing the predominantly zonally symmetric SAM while regional deviations between model and observation SAM winds go a long way in explaining the generall...

Rogue waves or freak waves are very large amplitude waves compare to the ambient waves in a given sea state. There are very few recording of such waves and therefore, despite years of research, very little is known about their properties. Here we invoke a statistical approach to find out about the typical shape of these giant waves. We consider different sea states and unidirectional vs crossin...