Hydraulic fracturing—the injection of pressurized fluid, often water, to increase recovery of oil or gas—has become increasingly popular in combination with horizontal drilling. Hydraulic fracturing improves production from a well, but requires a significant amount of water to do so and could put pressure on existing water resources, especially in water-stressed areas. To supply water needs, so...

iran is among the world’s arid and semi-arid regions and its demand for water has been increased due topopulation growth, urbanization and the development the economic sectors (industrial and agricultural). inmany of these regions, the lack of planning and the unauthorized use of resources have led to excessiveexploitation and a lower level of groundwater. the usable groundwater for the country...

Prior Converted Croplands (PCCs) are historic wetlands that were transformed (drained, dredged, filled or leveled) to support production of agricultural crops prior to “Swampbuster” provisions of the 1985 Food Security Act. Our research suggests that PCCs can substantially reduce nitrate export from agricultural watersheds in the region, an ecosystem function shared with natural and restored we...

1 Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China, 3 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 4 Centre for Future ...

many real water resources optimization problems involve conflicting objectives. in this study, multiobjective genetic algorithm nsga-ii, has been developed for optimization the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources and optimal management of supply and demand of agricultural water. here, optimal allocation of land and water resources to the dominant products in najaf abad pl...

In modern agriculture, the interplay between complex physical, agricultural, and socioeconomic water use drivers must be fully understood to successfully manage water supplies on extended timescales. This is particularly evident across large portions of the High Plains Aquifer where groundwater levels have declined at unsustainable rates despite improvements in both the efficiency of water use ...

For almost two decades Brazil has become an important producer and consumer of biofuels as an energy alternative. The need to replace fossil fuels with clean fuels has given Brazilian ethanol an outstanding position. With the market promising, Brazil has been the scene of a growth of the cultivation of sugarcane monocultures to supply the sugarcane industry in the production of ethanol, sugar a...