Background Helper-dependent, or gutted, adenoviruses (Ad) lack viral coding sequences, resulting in reduced immunotoxicity compared with conventional Ad vectors. Gutted Ad growth requires a conventional Ad to supply replication and packaging functions in trans. Methods that allow high-titer growth of gutted vectors while reducing helper contamination, and which use safer helper viruses, will fa...

this text carries out some ideas about exact and p− exact sequences of transformationsemigroups. some theorems like the short five lemma (lemma 1.3 and lemma 2.3) are valid here as inexact sequences of r − modules.

Benzylsuccinate synthase (BSS) initiates anaerobic toluene biodegradation, and BSS genes have been found in several nitrate- and iron-reducing organisms. Here, two new putative bssA genes were identified in a methanogenic toluene-degrading culture. Transcription was upregulated with toluene but not with benzoate, consistent with the proposed function. These are the first bss sequences from a me...

Leaf sequencing algorithms may use an unnecessary number of monitor units or segments to generate intensity maps for delivery of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) using multiple static fields. An integer algorithm was devised to generate a sequence with the fewest possible segments when the minimum number of monitor units are used. Special hardware related restrictions on leaf motion can ...

A PDE model for reducing the speckle noise from ultrasound video sequences is proposed in this article. A spatial approach is used for video denoising. First, a continuous differential mathematical model for noise removal is proposed. Then, a discretized variant of the denoising approach is described. The proposed PDE based technique is successfully applied to sonar images and videos.

Variation in amino acid sequences on a disulfide-linked polypeptide backbone generates differing pK(a) vectors for DNA delivery, which release nucleic acids under reducing conditions and transfect cells with greater efficacy than non-reducible or non-variable pK(a) analogues.

genomic signal processing is a relatively new field in bioinformatics, in which signal processing algorithms and methods are used to study functional structures in the dna. an appropriate mapping of the dna sequence into one or more numerical sequences enables the use of many digital signal processing tools in the analysis of different genomic sequences. also, a novel influenza a (h1n1) virus o...

DNA sequence data contains a wealth of biologically useful information. Recent innovations in DNA sequencing technology have greatly increased our capacity to determine massive amounts of nucleotide sequences. These sequences can be used to specify the characteristics of different regions, interpret the evolutionary relationships between categorized groups, likelihood of performing multiple com...

Multi-copy transgenes are poorly expressed in plants, Drosophila and mammals; this repression is relieved by reducing copy number, leading to chromatin remodeling and transcriptional activation. Host defense mechanisms monitor repeated sequences in the genome, modulating their chromatin packaging and functional capabilities.

DNA recombinases face the daunting task of locating and pairing up specific sequences among millions of base pairs in a genome, all within about an hour. Qi et al. show that recombinases solve this problem by searching in 8-nt microhomology units, reducing the search space and accelerating the homology search.