Billions of dollars are now spent annually in the United States and Europe for spatially delineated environmental services such as agricultural landscape management and river restoration programs, yet little is known about the spatial distribution of the benefits from these policies. This paper develops a framework for recovering information on this question from the spatial pattern of votes ca...

I n the UK referendum on 23 June 2016 the British electorate delivered a majority vote in favour of leaving the EU. The margin was small—52 to 48%—but the result was clear. Since then, nothing has been clear. The roiling waters of UK politics have delivered a new Prime Minister, Theresa May, and a new conservative government, but the flow of events remains turbulent. Amid the ongoing confusion ...

Abstract This paper analyses politicians’ selection of adverbs certainty and extreme case formulations (ECFs) in both the 1975 Referendum Brexit (2016). analysis helped discover if politicians Brexit: (a) framed a similar or different reality through their discourse choices (b) used same types ECFs with frequency. For this purpose, we contrasted time (the vs. Brexit) position (Anti-Europe Pro-E...