background: h-reflex is a valuable electrophysiological technique for assessing nerve conduction through entire length of afferent and efferent pathways, especially nerve roots and proximal segments of peripheral nerves. the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between normal values of flexor carpi radialis (fcr) h-reflex latency, upper limb length and age in normal subjects, and t...

The marine snail, Aplysia californica, is a valuable model system for cell biological studies of learning and memory. Aplysia exhibits a reflexive withdrawal of its gill and siphon in response to weak or moderate tactile stimulation of its skin. Repeated tactile stimulation causes this defensive withdrawal reflex to habituate. Both short-term habituation, lasting < 30 min, and long-term habitua...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the human motor cortex induces changes in excitability within cortical and spinal circuits that occur during and after the stimulation. Recently, transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) has been shown to modulate spinal conduction properties, as assessed by somatosensory-evoked potentials, and transynaptic properties of the spin...

REIS, DONALD J., AND MICHEL C&NOD. Central neural reguhlion of carotid baroreceptor reflexes in the cat. Am. J. Physiol. sag(6) : m67-1279. 1965. -Reflex changes of the mean aortic blood pressure (BP) to carotid sinus stretch or carotid occlusion in anesthetized vagotomized cats were observed following ablation or electrical stimulation of brain. Decerebration produced augmentation of the depre...

Also psychological factors should play a crucial role to arouse this dysfunction. The problems such as avoidance, fear of penetration, anxiety, relationship problems, chronic frustration, disappointment and depression, previous child sexual abuse could be experienced by patients as painful spasmodic reflex. In addition, poor sexual self-esteem, lack of interest, and general inability to find pl...

Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Disruption in presynaptic inhibition in dorsal horn of the spinal cord has been proposed as one of the pathomechanism of PDN. Previous research showed that presynaptic inhibition can be detected by H-reflex examination. The aim of this study was to know whether the reduction of presynaptic inhibition in spinal...

Background: Neck roots lesion is one of the reasons for cervical and arm pain. A detailed patient evaluation could improve diagnose, reduce imaging requests, and speedy treatment of cervical pain. We tried to estimate the utility of pronator teres reflex in C6 and C7 roots irritation. Methods: Present study is composed of 118 participants including 56 with C6 and C7 lesion and 62 normal contro...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the modified ashworth scale (mas) by using both the conventional (hmax/mmax ratio) and the new indicators (hslp/mslp) of motoneuron excitability. this research was a correlational study on twenty post-stroke patients. main outcome measures were the mas and electrophysiologic assessments. the latter was performed using both conventiona...

Devices are described by means of which the terminals of thermopiles may be held in stable apposition with the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and postnasal space and local temperature variations thus followed. Chilling of the body surface has without exception caused depression of the temperature of the nasal mucosa surface, amounting in some instances to as much as 6 degrees C., and indi...