OBJECTIVE This retrospective study investigated the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab treatment for refractory brain edema. METHODS Between March 2009 and December 2015, bevacizumab was used to treat 59 cases of brain metastatic patients with refractory brain edema. The median dose of bevacizumab was 4.68 mg/kg (range 2.8-6.52 mg/kg). The clinical-pathological data, the efficacy, and the sid...

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor is a rare renal neoplasm. Secondary hypertension with juxtaglomerular cell tumor can be seen in females in their 20s and 30s. We present a case of juxtaglomerular cell tumor during pregnancy. A 32-year-old female was hospitalized for refractory hypertension and nephrotic syndrome in the 23rd gestational week. One year before admission, she had been diagnosed with hype...

Intracranial hypertension is commonly encountered in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Refractory raised intracranial pressure is associated with poor prognosis. The management of raised intracranial pressure is commonly referenced to experiences in traumatic brain injury. However, pathophysiologically, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is different from traumatic brain i...

Barbiturate coma therapy (BCT) is a treatment option that is used for refractory intracranial hypertension after all other options have been exhausted. Although BCT is a brain protection treatment, it also has several side effects such as hypotension, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, respiratory complications and electrolyte imbalances. One less concerning but potentially life-threatenin...

This study was undertaken to determine whether abolition of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) could reduce blood pressure (BP) in patients with refractory hypertension. In 11 refractory hypertensive patients with OSA, the acute effects of CPAP on nocturnal BP were studied during sleep and its longer term effects on 24-h ambulatory BP after 2 months. Du...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical data, electroencephalogram, etiology, classification, treatment, morbidity, and mortality in acute refractory status epilepticus. METHODS Fifteen patients, mean age of 41.3 years-old, six males, with refractory status epilepticus, were retrospectively studied. All of them were followed by serial electroencephalogram or continuous electroencephalographic monitori...

Six patients with severe refractory hypertension and chronic renal failure were treated with a low dose of captopril (mean daily dose 75 mg) in combination with dietary sodium restriction, frusemide and either metoprolol, labetalol or prazosin. Sustained control of blood pressure was achieved in all six patients. Adverse effects noted were severe hyperkalaemia (2 patients), skin rashes (2 patie...

Intracranial hypertension is the largest cause of death in young patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Decompressive craniectomy is part of the second level measures for the management of increased intracranial pressure refractory to medical management as moderate hypothermia and barbiturate coma. The literature lack of concepts is their indications. We present a review on the state of t...

Some systemic rheumatic diseases and disorders, especially fibrotic and vascular disorders, are often refractory to corticosteroid therapy. Recently, ever accumulating evidence suggests that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is involved in those refractory diseases. Imatinib mesylate inhibits the activation of PDGF receptor as well as c-Abl, Bcr-Abl and c-Kit tyrosine kinases. It has theref...

W e present the case of a 73-year-old woman scheduled for renal angiography for severe recurrent refractory arterial hypertension 2 months after sympathetic renal denervation with the EnligHTN multielectrode catheter system (St Jude Medical, Saint Paul, Minnesota). The angiogram confirmed right renal artery subocclusive stenosis at the site of previous radiofrequency application (Figure 1). Aft...