Economic growth in China and India has attracted many headlines recently. As a result, the literature comparing the two Asian giants has expanded substantially. This paper adds to the literature by comparing regional growth, disparity and convergence in the two economies. This is the first of its kind. The paper presents a detailed examination of economic growth in the regions of China and Indi...

New technological ability is leading postdigital science, where biology as digital information, and information biology, are now dialectically interconnected. In this article we firstly explore a philosophy of biodigitalism new paradigm closely linked to bioinformationalism. Both involve the mutual interaction integration which leads us into discussion biodigital convergence. As unified ecosyst...

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has become a very hot topic in GNSS research and applications. However, it usually takes about several tens of minutes in order to obtain positions with better than 10 cm accuracy. This prevents PPP from being widely used in real-time kinematic positioning services, therefore, a large effort has been made to tackle the convergence problem. One of the recent appro...

We define notions of local topological convergence and local geometric convergence for embedded graphs in R, and study their properties. The former is related to BenjaminiSchramm convergence, and the latter to weak convergence of probability measures with respect to a certain topology on the space of embedded graphs. These are used to state universality conjectures for the long-term behavior of...

Contents Chapter 1. Martingales, continued 1 1.1. Martingales indexed by partially ordered sets 1 1.2. Notions of convergence for martingales 3 1.3. Uniform integrability 4 1.4. Convergence of martingales with directed index sets 6 1.5. Application: The 0-1 law of Kolmogorov 8 1.6. Continuous-time martingales 9 1.7. Tail bounds for martingales 12 1.8. Application: The Pólya urn 13 1.9. Applicat...

We consider continuous-time consensus seeking systems whose time-dependent interactions are cut-balanced, in the following sense: if a group of agents influences the remaining ones, the former group is also influenced by the remaining ones by at least a proportional amount. Models involving symmetric interconnections and models in which a weighted average of the agent values is conserved are sp...