This paper aims at estimating the energy demand elasticity in relation to gross domestic product Indonesia based on data from 1995 2018. The sectors examined are industry, trading, transportation, and housing sectors. method of analysis is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). An interesting estimation result here that industry sector negative both short long term. other three show positive el...

This article examines the determinants of health expenditures in Tunisia during the period 1961-2008, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach by Pesaran et al. (2001). The results of the bounds test show that there is a stable long-run relationship between per capita health expenditure, GDP, population ageing, medical density and environmental quality. In fact, on the one hand ...

This paper aims to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables on economic growth after Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Pakistan. In doing so, study utilizes the quarterly time series data from 1990 to 2007. Advanced Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) approach has been employed for co-integration and error correction model (ECM) for short-run results in the case of Pakista...

In auspicious macroeconomic setting, monetary policy should increase credit availability, particularly in the real sector, to spur investment; however, this is not case Nigerian economy. study, impact of on bank and investment Nigeria from 1981 2020 was investigated. The central Nigeria’s statistics bulletin source data used study. Using gathered, study Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). s...

The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted structural shocks on the global economic system by raising high uncertainty. Policymakers are exploring alternative measures and incentivizing foreign direct investment for restoration of operations to achieve short- long-term growth. Given this, study examines response FDI inflow measure change in productive capacity. capacity is proxied change, private busi...

Foreign direct investment plays a vital role in promoting economic growth, especially for developing economies. It causes improvement the different sectors such as education, healthcare, manufacturing industries, and creates more jobs. The speed of FDI inflows has been increasing Pakistan each year. In order to attract FDI, many countries try reframe their tax policies by introducing incentives...

The study interrogates the impact of exchange rate on economic growth Nigeria from 1981 to 2020 using quarterly time-series data Central Bank and World National Account. dependent variable in model was Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), independent variables were Exchange Rate (EXCHR), inflation (INFL), Interest (INTR), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Broad Money Supply (M2) Current Account B...

This study aims to examine the relationship between money supply and exchange rate in Algeria 1990 2020. We analyze economic conditions that characterized this period, including shift from a directed economy market economy, as well Algeria's participation International Monetary Fund World Bank programs. To understand impact of on short long term, we utilize Engel-Granger co-integration method. ...

In the general context of Morocco's New Development Model (NDM), where policy territorial attractiveness requires all its credentials, and more specifically within framework regional declination Industrial Acceleration Plan (IAP), issue structural transformation (ST) Moroccan economy is highly topical great interest to Kingdom. This article examines, under external constraints international ope...