The stringent response effector, guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), adjust gene expression and physiology in bacteria, by affecting the activity of various promoters. RNA polymerase-interacting protein, DksA, was proposed to be the co-factor of ppGpp effects; however, there are reports suggesting independent roles of these regulators. Bacteriophage lambda major lytic promoter, pR, is down-regula...

The synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins), induced in tobacco leaves in response to infection with tobacco mosaic virus or treatment with salicylic acid, was studied with in vivo pulse-labeling experiments. PR proteins synthesis began after a lag phase of about 8 hours in leaf discs treated with salicylic acid and after more than 18 hours in those infected with tobacco mosaic...

Transcriptional reprogramming is critical for plant disease resistance responses. In potato (Solanum tuberosum), the marker gene PATHOGENESIS-RELATED-10a (PR-10a) is transcriptionally activated by pathogens, wounding, or elicitor treatment. Activation of PR-10a requires the recruitment of the activator Why1 to its promoter. In addition, PR-10a is negatively regulated by the repressor SEBF (for ...

The pathogenesis-related gene PR-10a (formerly STH[middot]2) is induced in various organs of potato after wounding, elicitor treatment, or infection by Phytophthora infestans. Deletion analysis of the promoter of the PR-10a gene enabled us to identify a 50-bp region, located between positions -155 and -105, necessary for the elicitor responsiveness of the [beta]-glucuronidase reporter gene in t...

We and others have presented evidence for a direct interaction between the matrix (MA) domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein and the cytoplasmic tail of the transmembrane envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp41. In addition, it has been postulated that the MA domain of Gag undergoes a conformational change following Gag processing, and the cytoplasmic tail of gp41 has b...

Chemical pesticides and fungicides are used extensively, negatively affecting people’s health the environment. Reducing synthetic increasing efficiency of sustainable food production using plant extracts as natural chemicals is a win–win. Here, we first describe evaluate an ethanolic extract Chorisia speciosa for its protective curative activities against Rhizoctonia solani in greenhouse-grown ...

PURPOSE In endometrial cancer, loss of progesterone receptors (PR) is associated with more advanced disease. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of progesterone and the loss of its receptors (PRA and PRB) in development of endometrial cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A 9600-cDNA microarray analysis was performed to study regulation of gene expression in the human endometrial ca...

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter-proximal pausing plays a critical role in postinitiation transcriptional regulation at many metazoan genes. We showed recently that histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16Ac), mediated by the MSL complex, facilitates the release of paused Pol II. In contrast, H4 lysine 20 trimethylation (H4K20me3), mediated by SUV420H2, enforces Pol II pausing by inhibiting M...

Progesterone plays a central role in women's reproductive health. Synthetic progestins, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) are often used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT), oral contraceptives, and for the treatment of endometriosis and infertility. Although MPA is clinically effective, it also promiscuously binds to androgen and glucocorticoid receptors (AR/GR) leading to many undesi...

conclusions the use of sof + pr regimen or ldv/sof can significantly reduce the incidence of complications associated with the disease. for example, short and long-term outcomes are better than the current drug regimens for hcv genotype 1 patients in all stages of the disease. objectives this study is aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the three drug regimens of pegylated interferon and ...