statement of problem: the extraction versus non-extraction debate is almost as old as the advent of orthodontic practice and up to now, this dilemma remains. recently, the american board of orthodontics (abo) has developed a method by the name of objective grading system (ogs) in order to evaluate the results of orthodontic treatment. aim: the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compar...

Overflow metabolism is a metabolic phenotype of cells characterized by mixed oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and fermentative glycolysis in the presence of oxygen. Recently, it was proposed that a combination of a protein allocation constraint and a higher proteome fraction cost of energy generation by OxPhos relative to fermentation form the basis of overflow metabolism in the bacterium, Es...

We perform Monte Carlo simulations in three-dimensional (3D) lattice in order to study diffusion-controlled and mixed activation-diffusion reactions following an irreversible Michaelis-Menten scheme in crowded media. The simulation data reveal the rate coefficient dependence on time for diffusion-controlled bimolecular reactions developing in three-dimensional media with obstacles, as predicted...

Abstract Background MRI provides several distinct quantitative parameters that may better differentiate renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes. The purpose of the study is to evaluate diagnostic accuracy apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), chemical shift signal intensity index (SII), and contrast enhancement in differentiation between different subtypes carcinoma. Results There were 63 RCC as re...

The meta-ecosystem concept provides a theoretical framework to study the effect of local and regional flows resources on ecosystem dynamics. Meta-ecosystem theory has hitherto been applied highly abstract landscapes, dynamics in real-world landscapes remain largely unexplored. River networks constitute prime example meta-ecosystems, being characterized by directional resource from upstream down...

A single vacuum tube based solar cooker has high energy and exergy efficiency, and is capable of achieving cooking temperatures as high as 250 C. The reason for high energy and exergy efficiencies of this solar cooker is the high achievable concentration ratios of 15e20, which are not possible with multiple vacuum tube based solar cookers. In this paper, a comparative study has been carried out...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the usefulness of the resistive index (RI) on spectral Doppler ultrasonography (US) in the detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS Seventeen ESRD patients with kidneys in which renal masses were suspected in routine US were subjected. They underwent computed tomography scans and additional Do...

OBJECTIVE To determine the evolutionary MRI appearance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following cryoablation. METHODS For this institution review board-approved study, we recruited patients with biopsy-proven RCC and treated them with percutaneous cryoablation between November 2009 and October 2014. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed the pre-procedural and follow-up MRI. The findings in...